Imposing the Minimum Wages

Minimum wage is the least amount of pay that a person receives for the job that he/she performs. The minimum wage in Massachusetts is $5.50. A job that pay†s minimum wage offers little or no opportunity for improvement. Majority of the people who work for minimum wage are students, people with little education, or immigrants. Fast food restaurants such as Burger King and Mc Donald†s are examples of jobs that pay minimum wage. The minimum wage in Massachusetts is $5.50. A job that pay†s you minimum wage usually offers little or no opportunity for improvement. Such a job offers experience in the fields of, how to make a hamburger, French fries, and chicken crisps. The only true experience you get from this type of a job is dedication. In order to show that you obtained this experience you must stick with the job for some time. People will not hire you because of the experience you have fro making French fries, but they might hire you for showing dedication. It does not come to me as a surprise that the majority of the people who work for minimum wage are either students, people with little education or immigrants. Students work because they need the job, and because they have not yet obtained real experience. People with little education work for minimum wage because that is the only job they can find, in order to have a job that pays more you either need experience or education. Immigrants who come to America may have some education but they can†t find a better job because they do not speak English. Until they learn our language, minimum wage is the only way of supporting them selves. The most common place to find a minimum wage job is a fast food restaurant. Restaurants such as Mc Donald†s and Burger King are famous for it. What made them famous is not the minimum wage but the fact that low skills are required. Since low skills are required anybody can work there. It is easy to find a job in places such as these but a price does come with it. The managers show little sympathy for scheduling. In most restaurants it†s either their way or no way. In conclusion, minimum wage is only good when it is your first or second job. If you want real experience, and better pay go through a temp agency to obtain a job in a company. The work will be hard but the paycheck will be much heavier. Imposing the Minimum Wages Minimum wage is the least amount of pay that a person receives for the job that he/she performs. The minimum wage in Massachusetts is $5.50. A job that pay†s minimum wage offers little or no opportunity for improvement. Majority of the people who work for minimum wage are students, people with little education, or immigrants. Fast food restaurants such as Burger King and Mc Donald†s are examples of jobs that pay minimum wage. The minimum wage in Massachusetts is $5.50. A job that pay†s you minimum wage usually offers little or no opportunity for improvement. Such a job offers experience in the fields of, how to make a hamburger, French fries, and chicken crisps. The only true experience you get from this type of a job is dedication. In order to show that you obtained this experience you must stick with the job for some time. People will not hire you because of the experience you have fro making French fries, but they might hire you for showing dedication. It does not come to me as a surprise that the majority of the people who work for minimum wage are either students, people with little education or immigrants. Students work because they need the job, and because they have not yet obtained real experience. People with little education work for minimum wage because that is the only job they can find, in order to have a job that pays more you either need experience or education. Immigrants who come to America may have some education but they can†t find a better job because they do not speak English. Until they learn our language, minimum wage is the only way of supporting them selves. The most common place to find a minimum wage job is a fast food restaurant. Restaurants such as Mc Donald†s and Burger King are famous for it. What made them famous is not the minimum wage but the fact that low skills are required. Since low skills are required anybody can work there. It is easy to find a job in places such as these but a price does come with it. The managers show little sympathy for scheduling. In most restaurants it†s either their way or no way. In conclusion, minimum wage is only good when it is your first or second job. If you want real experience, and better pay go through a temp agency to obtain a job in a company. The work will be hard but the paycheck will be much heavier.

Youth Tourism

2. 3 Youth Tourism Youth tourism has been identified as one of the largest segments of global tourism, and is also seen as having considerable potential for future growth as student numbers rise and youth affluence increases (Buhalis and Costa, 2006). To cater for younger surf tourists, a number of companies now offer surf safaris, generally a charter bus which travels along a mainland coastline stopping at well-known surf breaks, with accommodation typically in backpackers and similar establishments.As surfing becomes easier to learn, it seems likely that its popularity will continue to increase in future generations. In regards to marketing, specialist surf tour operators in the Indo-Pacific region for example, market principally through specialist surfing magazines, specialist surf travel agents, and directly via the internet. Some operate at only a single location, whereas others offer tours to a wide variety of different countries and destinations.Some surf lodges and surf chart er boats sell their products through many different agents, whereas others have exclusive agency agreements with particular agents in individual countries (Buckley, R. C 2000). According to Richards and Wilson (2003) growing travel participation by young people is being fuelled by a number of factors, including increased participation in higher education, falling levels of youth employment, and increased travel budgets through parental contribution, savings, and combining work and travel.The search for more exciting and unique experiences, combine with cheaper long-distance travel, has also pushed youth travel ever further towards the geographical margins of the travel industry. In 1995, the European Travel Commission published a study specifically dedicated to Europe’s youth travel market covering 26 countries. The study was commissioned in response to a perceived neglect of the market both by the travel industry and by government authorities.It concluded that the 15 to 26 a ge group took around 80 million trips and made 100 million border crossings per year, representing a fifth of all international trips and around a quarter of all holiday travel (Horak and Weber, 2000). In a study of outbound travel of German, British and French young people, the WTO (2002) stated that outbound youth tourism accounted for 17% of all international trips in these markets in 2000, concluding that more and more young people are travelling abroad on holiday, to visit friends and to tudy, as well as for business (Richards and Wilson, 2003) In a study carried out by Tourism Australia (2008) â€Å"Tourism Australia defines the youth segment as males and females, aged between 18 and 30 years†. They stated that the youth segment have information at their fingertips such as the use of technology, they are innovators of new products and trends and accepting of change (www. tourism. australia. com Accessed 18/02/2011).When resorts bring a large number of guests to a destin ation they become inverse factories, bringing customers to their product which has been pre-assembled and resourced for their enjoyment rather than shipping the product out to customers around the world. Saveriades (2000: 154) as citied in (Murphy 2008), notes in his survey of residents in Cypriot seaside resorts, that it has been widely accepted that there have been changes in the lifestyle, traditions, social behaviour, and moral standards, especially of the younger generation.One of the reasons residents make such correlations is that tourism is highly visible (Murphy, 2008). According to Hinch and Highman (2004) water sports such as swimming, surfing, water skiing, and diving hold strong appeal for the youth market. In Peru, more than 20. 000 surfers are visiting the country every year, to enjoy the best waves of the country. Surf tourists to the area come mainly from Australia, USA and Brazil. There are a lot of surf schools and a young surfboard manufacturing industry and ther e is a connection between water-based sports, surfing and the youth market (www. urfertoday. com Accessed 22/03/2011). According to the UK Coast guide, surfing is a popular water sport which is growing in the UK at a rapid rate. It is estimated that there are now around 250,000 surfers in the country and the sport appeals to all ages and both sexes, not just the young but also the grey market. There has been a particular increase in female surfers, in recent years and there is a growing band of professional female surfers who compete in competitions worldwide (www. ukcoastguide. co. uk Accessed 22/03/2011).

Ecological Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecological Services - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that ecological services ensure the survival of wildlife by offering habitat. Fresh water and food with nutrients is also brought forth by the ecological services. Ecological services are free but serve very vital functions. For instance wild pollinator services are argued to be six billion dollars annually. However the cost is not incurred since there is pollination by wild pollinators for free. Bear in mind that plants pollinated by wild pollinators constitute a third of the food consumed by humans. Climate is a naturally occurring aspect of the environment which is almost impossible for humans to control. This paper declares that through ecological services, it is possible to enjoy different kinds of weather through the collaboration of water masses and the sun. Water masses, forests, wetlands and estuaries are among the givers of ecological services. For example the occurrence of a forest indicates purified air due to trees giving off oxygen and cool climate due to evaporation by leaves. Ecological services benefit all living organisms in different ways. There are two very vital ecological services from the river. The first is the provision of clean drinking water. This is followed by the provision of habitat for the fish and other aquatic animals within the surrounding. Water is a basic need. It is extremely important for the survival of humans. It is not only needed for drinking but also for cooking and cleaning. It therefore qualifies as one of the most vital ecological service. The fish are provided with habitat by the river which is an important function.

Nursing assesment and its role in care planning Essay

Nursing assesment and its role in care planning - Essay Example ing alarm/rescue, and frequency/pattern of falls; assessment include emergency care fundamentals such as airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure; locomotor problems include physiological effects of aging; loss refers to reduced or loss of vision; and social circumstances include history of social circumstances, support network people, and type of housing or social contact (Jones, Endacott & Crouch 2003, p. 82). Applying the assessment tool, the nurse has gathered the following assessment data: Patient X fell on the ground at 5:00 pm. She has been lying still on the ground for 3 hours in her house until help is sought by a concerned neighbor. Assessment of fall history revealed a misplaced placemat on the floor as a hazard for the occurrence of fall. The patient only regained consciousness when she’s in the hospital and clearly recollects incident of fall and other previous experiences. Patient X has no method of raising alarm/rescue and there were no other fre quency/pattern of falls except for the current incident. Nursing assessment revealed a patent airway and a regular breathing pattern (20 breaths /minute). Circulatory perfusion is assessed using the neurovascular examination and found a 3 seconds toe capillary time which indicate that the circulation in the lower extremity are starting to be compromised (Brunner et al. 2009, p. 2100). Neurological assessment described Patient X as lethargic upon admission and GCS scores totaled to 12 because of lapses in verbal responses due to confusion and disorientation and withdrawal of motor responses when pain is experienced. A full physical assessment were done presenting fall impact on the lateral aspect of the hip, pain the groin with radiation to the knee, pain exacerbated by movement, and inability to... The paper tells that fractured neck of the femur is more common among older people and women and affected individuals are likely to experience significant distress, physical pain, complications, and possible incapacitation. The acronym FALLS served as assessment guidelines for older people who have fallen. FALLS stands for falls history, assessment, locomotor problems, loss, and social circumstances. The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model is used in assessing the degree of risk of falls among elderly population whereas the In Ottawa knee rules identifies the need for further investigation, imaging, or X-ray. The case scenario of Patient X identified nursing care needs in peripheral circulation, safe discharge, and independent rehabilitation. To improve tissue perfusion in peripheral areas, nurses need to: perform patient assessment and monitoring which includes ABCs, C-spine and hemorrhage control to aid the nurse in discovering overt/covert changes in patient’s status at frequent i ntervals; perform neurological exam such as Glasgow Coma Scale and note vital signs at frequent intervals to early recognize changes and to provide timely and appropriate care; and perform capillary refill checks and assessment of neurovascular function of the immobilized extremity to determine status of tissue perfusion. Discharge plans follow as tissue perfusion is resolved. An effective discharge plan follows the Department of Health’s key principles in discharge planning and is holistic, promote active and equal partnership, well-coordinated, and maximized to the full potential.

Campus issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Campus issue - Essay Example This assignment therefore discusses the problems that exists in Pepperdine University’s dining places and provides solutions to these problems. One day I had an interesting conversation with my friend Steve Wang who loved sports very much. He said to me, â€Å"After playing basketball with my friends, I become too tired to go upstairs to the Cafe or HAWC. Even though there is a food stand at the FF, the foods served there have lots of calories and students have to queue for long.† Another friend, Yu Duan, says â€Å"After a long sporting activity I need a nearby place to relax. The new cafe offers some nutritious foods such as chicken salad, fruits, and yogurt. However, these foods are high in calories and for sportspeople like us they are detrimental for our health.† From the sentiments of my two friends, it is clear that the University does not have enough food outlets to cater for the variant needs of students. A solution to this would be to build more food joints that would meet the need of different students especially the sportspeople. Breakfast offered in the Cafe has never changed. Omelets, sandwiches and chicken rolls have always been the order of the day. Most students have no interests in such unvaried breakfast menus offered every morning. As a result, most of the students forgo breakfast in the morning. I at one time overheard a student say, â€Å"Breakfast meals in these places are too monotonous. I am automatically full when I think of having breakfast here.† Therefore, I strongly suggest that the administration should direct the personnel in charge to vary the meals and have different meals for every morning. Although some students do not have meals in campus during the weekends, some of us who eat in school during weekends find the meals awful. Freshmen who do not have cars find it particularly difficult to drive downtown and enjoy the delicious foods in restaurants. My friend, Yu Duan, once made an interesting comment. He said, â€Å"The

Employment law - the employment relationship Essay

Employment law - the employment relationship - Essay Example 25,000. The Tribunal cannot also try cases involving personal injury, breach of agreement to provide accommodation by the employer to the employee, breach of agreement in respect of intellectual property, breach of agreement of confidentiality or breach of agreement in restraint of trade which can only be heard by courts (Nairns, 2008). The statutory limit of claim of ? 25,000 cannot be circumvented by making a claim for damages for wrongful dismissal for the maximum amount before the tribunal and making another claim for balance of damages in the High Court by splitting the same cause of action into two as held in Fraser v HLMAD (2006). Employment tribunal is machinery for dispute resolution. Employment tribunal can be approached by parties after the expiry of conciliation period. Rule 22 of the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulation 2004 bars a tribunal from hearing any case other than cases of discrimination, equal pay and whistle blowing until the e xpiry of the prescribed conciliation period of 13 weeks or 7 weeks from the date of claim made to the respondent depending upon the nature disputes. For disputes of technical nature such as deduction from wages, time off work, breach of contract, redundancy payments and paid annual leave, a lesser period of seven days conciliation applies. The standard conciliation period can be extended by two weeks if there are prospects of settlement as may be considered by ACAS whose duty is to promote the improvement of industrial relations. The judicial dispute resolution starts with employment tribunals which were originally created by Industrial Training Act 1964 and given common law jurisdiction to adjudicate claims for breach of contract by termination of employment. Thus, these tribunals which began as industrial tribunals have transformed into ‘employment tribunals’ in 1998. The power to settle employment disputes is conferred by section 3 of The Employment Tribunals Act 199 6 in replacement of section 131 of the Employment Protection (Consolidation Act) 1978 The tribunals are preferred dispute resolution as they are designed to facilitate speedy resolution of industrial disputes which are often heavy with facts with their potential advantages of ‘ease of access, informality and inexpensiveness’. The employment tribunals having simplified pre-trial procedure with simplified pleadings, are vested with wide powers to adjudicate in ‘a common sense way’ as part of ‘good industrial practice’. However, the law they have to apply is so complex that they are often commented on the legality of the proceedings and decisions. The common sense access to quick justice though a laudable claim is not always compatible with the hard law that has to be followed in most of the cases. The quick and informal justice that an Employment tribunal can provide is in view of the undesirability of appeals that would complicate the matter fur ther. An Employment Tribunal can only decide on the question of facts. Any appeal from its decision can only be made on a question of law. This rule is rigorously applied in that an appeal will be decided on law and remanded back to the tribunal to decide on the que

Corporate Social Responsibility and Enhancement of Competitive Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Enhancement of Competitive Advantage of Companies - Essay Example This paper is aimed at providing a detailed study of the fact that Corporate Social responsibility is a business strategy which can be used by business organisations to enhance their competitive advantage in markets for various goods and services. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and its importance: In a study, conducted in 2005, it has been revealed by more than 80 percent of respondents (who were business executives in different organisations) that, business strategies related to Corporate Social Responsibility is extremely essential for their businesses (Blowfield, Blowfield and Murray, 2011, p.10). The phrase Corporate Social Responsibility has been described in modern businesses as one of the most important business practices. With the help of this responsibility multinational corporations are redefining their function in the society and their functional responsibilities to rights of the human beings and the environment. Ethical as well as environmental aspects, al ong with effective business strategies are important components of Corporate Social Responsibility. ... According to few companies the practice of corporate social responsibilities business organisation can acquire greater profits through greater market shares (Forcese, 2008, pp.153-154). It is sometimes argued by business organisations that as long as they are paying taxes to the government and wages to their employees and even maintaining regulations related to health and safety needs they are acting as good corporate citizens. Economists like Milton Friedman (1970) supported this view of doing businesses or running corporate organisations. The problem associated with this business strategy came into effect when economists argued that in this method certain sections of the society (mainly poor people) are getting marginalised. Therefore these economists, including John Gregory Mankiw, have suggested to incorporate the government to provide goods and services to these deprived people and hence to protect these people from corporate strategies. By the end of 1980s this corporate busine ss strategies have been criticised by many economists and environmentalists. A rapid revolution started during this time in regard to greater environmental protection against unethical corporate practices. As a result of these environmental movements Union Carbide had to withdraw its business from Bhopal, India, General Motors to stop ‘selling vehicles with military application to the apartheid government in South Africa’ and many other large businesses, like Nestle, to change their business strategies. In the 2000s these changes started to include oil and gas industry across the globe, making significant changes in applications of business ethics by large number of multinational corporations all over the world. In this time, mainly after 2000, many multinational

Personal Development Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Development Planning - Assignment Example According to the report findings the most important part of a student’s personal development planning is the communication skills. Communication skills according to Smith, is not only about talking to fellow students and tutors but listening to them as well. Listening is a very powerful tool for a student as it is through listening that they learn the art of patience as well as end up learning more than they already know. A student has to for example, listen to the professor in class, if they are to learn the concepts of the course. Communication is a two-way process, which is listening and talking.As the discussion highlights communication skills also incorporate non-verbal form of communication. When one is communicating with classmates or others that will aid in developing their future goals or in capitalizing their strengths, they can rely heavily on their non-verbal communication to know whether they are on the right track or not. In communicating goals to mentors for exa mple, they may praise the goals verbally but their facial expressions are different and indicate otherwise. This way one learns that they need to make changes. This constant relying on both the verbal and non-verbal form of communication is what eventually leads to a student having strong reflection as well as address their weak areas as a way to have stringer future with more developed and realistic goals that can be easily attainable.  

The European Constitution and the Irish Constitution Assignment

The European Constitution and the Irish Constitution - Assignment Example It is a basic fact of the European Union and use of the European Convention as law that each member state of the Union must deal with internal strife and dissidence in accordance with nationalistic attitudes. Ireland in particular is dealing with these stresses because of its sheer youth as an independent nation, and because of the young age of the Irish Constitution the country wishes generally to stay the course when it comes to human rights laws and follow the Constitution to the letter instead of incorporating the use of the European Convention. Irish citizens are having difficulty managing with both an accepted and celebrated Constitution and a supranational doctrine that was put in place for exactly the same reasons. Factors like strong nationalism, European unrest as a unified state, and the belief that established practises are indeed better than the newer ideologies are all contributing to the fact that Ireland will never fully accept European Convention rules over its own Constitutional rights and policies. Authors and leading experts on the subject concur that despite the best intentions of the European government, Ireland is destined to follow its own regulatory path. Regardless of international opinion, however, Ireland seems to have unofficially decided that its own Constitution does hold higher prestige than any European Convention ruling. The Constitution of Ireland When the Republic of Ireland gained its freedom from the United Kingdom in 1922, the new nation drafted the Constitution of the Irish Free State, a document that would last until 1937 when the Constitution of Ireland was drawn up. According to certain researchers, there were two main reasons for the change: its affiliation with the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the fact that since its adoption so many amendments had been made it was difficult to understand1. The Anglo-Irish treaty was created during the Irish Civil War that broke out as the tensions between Great Britain and the Roman Catholic Irish population were at breaking point. In an attempt to quell the violence and still keep Ireland within the realm of the English monarchy, the United Kingdom offered up a treaty proposal that it hoped the angered Irish community would accept: ultimately the Britain would be disappointed at the outcome. The new Constitution was drawn up so that those important amendments could be brought up to date and written in accordance with the modern goals and ambitions of the relatively new state. The Constitution was written in both the Irish and the English languages; the content focused on establishing an Irish nationalist spirit, granting citizenship to its residents and those with parents born in the country, establishing the capital city in Dublin and working within a democratic political system2. The rights and provisions claimed by the Constitution were of great importance to its drafters and continue to be important in today's Ireland. Like all new nations, Ireland was proud to

Poverty and crime rates Essay Example for Free

Poverty and crime rates Essay There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread† (Mahatma Gandhi). Poverty is being in a state that is extremely poor and basically inhabitable. The correlation between poverty rates and crime rates has been examined through many different perspectives and by many different people. The majority of people believe that crime rates are higher in more developed countries and lower crime rates in undeveloped countries. Personally, I believe the opposite that crime rates are higher in undeveloped countries and lower in developed countries. There are many factors that affect high crime rates in a deprived country. The factors that affect high crime rates the most are that people in a poor society can not afford what they wish, the crime rates are higher in poor countries because people are not well educated and lastly, the government of a developing country is not as strict compared to the government of a developed country. Therefore the crime rates are higher in an undeveloped country. There are many factors that affect crime rates the major one is poverty. Crime rates are higher in an undeveloped country rather than a developed country since people would tend to steal what they cannot afford. The first factor that would cause a person of a poor country to steal something is if they cannot afford what they want. For example, in Africa many people cannot even afford their personal and physical necessities. The small community of Africa cannot afford enough food to fill up their stomach for a single night and will therefore have to rob food for themselves and their family.. Another reason why people in a poor country would commit more crimes is since they cannot afford the luxuries that they desire. Even though luxuries are not a component of survival they still play an important role in self confidence. For example, Car theft is much more higher in South Africa compared to North America since the people in South Africa cannot afford the luxuries of Mercedes or Porsche and would therefore steal the expensive luxuries that they want to be equal to everyone else. Next, the people of lower income feel excluded from society since they feel that they do not â€Å"fit in† with the rest of the community. For example, if one is wearing bum company footwear and the rest of the people in the community are wearing Nike company footwear then the person whom is wearing the bum company footwear would feel excluded from the rest of the society. This would cause the person of lower income to steal the expensive footwear just so they dont feel excluded and higher their self esteem. Another reason why people who cannot afford what they want is due to the impact of jealousy on the lower income community’s mind. For example, Kristopher Gutierrez beat one of his best friends after realizing that he had a relationship with his girlfriend Kristopher is charged for aggravated assault1. This shows that jealous rage can cause one to commit any crime for revenge. Crime rates are higher in countries with more poverty since people do not have proper education. Firstly, the education system in poor countries is more weak therefore people in those poor countries are not well educated and do not know what’s wrong and what’s right. For example, statistics show that 121 million children worldwide are out of education2. This shows that children whom are becoming uneducated by dropping out of school at such a young age are not able to realize what’s wrong and what’s right. These 121 children would not be able to pursue their future career and earn a respectable amount of money since they would not have knowledge about the opportunities that are available to them. This would cause the children to get involved into horrible thing such as theft and burglaries. Read more:  Essays About Crime Rate Increase Another reason that causes higher crime rates in a country is due to the weaker teachers in the poor country. The teachers have probably also committed crime in their life. This would cause the teachers with wrong knowledge to teach their students the same knowledge they have. For example, if a teacher has the knowledge that crime and theft is alright and acceptable this teacher would teach their students that theft and crime is acceptable then the students would go off thinking it’s okay and possibly even commit crimes. Another reason that affects higher crime rates in an uneducated country is due to the parents of the students that are also not well educated and are therefore not a good role model towards their children. The children learn these horrible things by their parents. Since each family has their own values the children consider these crimes to be acceptable. For example, the parents of a poor family would probably have to rob clothing for their children. When the children realize that their parents stole clothing for them they will follow their parents and do the same. Additionally, the government systems of poor countries are much less strict towards crimes. Such as, the police control officers don’t carry many weapons and devices since they cannot afford them. In Canada, the police officers carry many weapons around with them such as guns, knives and GPS systems compared to Africa police officers can’t carry many weapons around with them maybe only one and cannot afford to purchase GPS. This would cause the community to think that it is easy to get way with committing crimes. Also, the police would have less control over the criminal since the criminal would bribe the police officer with money and most commonly the police officer would fall into this. Another reason why a more undeveloped country with an easy going government system would commit more crimes is due to the laws and punishments which are not strict and the criminals would feel that the punishment is manageable. For example, in South African countries such as Botswana the government system is less strict compared to a developed country such as Canada. The laws in Botswana for crime is more easy going if you are caught speeding then you can bribe the officer for money although the law in Canada obviously does not allow you to bribe the officer. This proves that the laws in Botswana are much less strict in comparison to Canada. Another reason that affects crime rates in a poor country is due to the fact that people feel committing a crime is easy to deal with and the police force is less committed to their job since the officers know that they would not get in much trouble even if they do not perform their duty properly. The government is less strict. For example, the community of Botswana and Africa feel that it is easy to get away with theft. This makes theft a much more common aspect of their life since it is so easy to commit and so easy to deal with the punishments. If one commits a crime in Canada they feel guilty and very afraid of the horrible outcomes such as all of the punishments and years in prison they have to deal with. Therefore, the population of Canada would tend to commit fewer crimes in fear of the outcomes. In conclusion, the crime rates are higher in an undeveloped country and this is proven by many aspects. Firstly, since people cannot afford what they want. The people of some undeveloped countries cannot even afford the necessities for survival such as food. Also the people of an undeveloped country cannot afford the luxury that they desire they feel excluded from society which causes them to commit crimes to achieve what they desire and to â€Å"fit in† with everyone else. Secondly, in undeveloped countries the society is not well educated. The population that is suffering through poverty does not know what is wrong and what is right. Therefore commit crimes thinking its okay to do. The students dont have a good role model to look up to since the teachers and parents have also committed crime in their past and the parents do not realize its unacceptable to commit a crime. Thirdly, since the government system is very weak and not so strict in comparison to the government system of a developed country. Due to the fact that the government system is not strict in a poor country the populations of that poor country feel that it is easy to get away with committing a crime. Also, since the police force is less committed to their duty they become bribed very easily especially with money. Additionally, since the laws and punishments of an undeveloped country are not strict the community commits crimes easily. Overall, it is proven that the crime rates are much higher in a more undeveloped country. Works Citied Bennett, William J. , John J. DiIulio, and John P. Walters. Body count: Mora; povertyand how to win Americas war against crime an drugs. New York: Simon Schuster, 1996. Print. Ross, Sherwood. OpEDNews- Page 2 of Article: Why Poverty Spreads Across America. Opednews. com Progressive, Liberal United States and International News, Opinion, Op-Eds and Politics. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. http://www. opednews. com/articles/2/Why-Poverty-Spreads-Across-by-Sherwood-Ross-101127-299. html. Short, James F.. Crime and Society. Poverty, ethnicity, and violent crime. Boulder, Colo. : WestviewPress, 1997. 220-245. Print. Taylor, Blake. Poverty Crime Fundamental Finance. Fundamental Economics. N. p. ,n. d. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. http://economics. fundamentalfinance. com/povertycrime. php. Poverty vs. Crime Rates Essay By: Mariam Mirza For:Mrs. Rowley.

Solar energy

Solar energy INTRODUCTION Solar energy is an inexhaustible resource. The sun produces vast amounts of renewable solar energy that can be collected and converted into heat and electricity. Texas, due to its large size and abundant sunshine, has the largest solar energy resources among the states. Several other states, however, lead the nation in terms of using solar energy, mostly due to state policies and incentives that encourage the installation of solar energy systems. California is the nations largest solar energy market by far, and has effective state initiatives promoting the industry. Other states with notable markets for solar energy include New Jersey, Arizona,Colorado and New York. Solar energy Solar energy means using the energy of sunlight to provide electricity, to heat water, and to heat or cool homes, business or industry. Sunlight is a clean, renewable source of energy. It is a sustainable resource, meaning it doesnt run out, the supplied can be maintained. Coal or gases are not sustainable. Once they are gone, there is none left. Solar, wind, geometrical steam, hydro-electricity and others. It is sometimes called ‘Green Power. How does solar work? Photovoltaic solar cells dirtectly convert sun light in to electricity. The simplest cells are used to operate wristwatches and calculater, an d more complicated systems are used to light houses. PV cells are combined into molecules called arrays, and the number of arrays used determines the amount of electricity produced. For example, a large number of arrays would be needed to generated electricity for a power plant. A power plant can also use a concentrating solar power system where sunlight is focused with mirror to create a intensity heat source to produce steam or mechanical power to run a generator to creates electricity. Solar water heating systemshave two main parts: a solar collector and a storage tank. Generally, the collector is a thin, flat, rectangular box with a transparent cover mounted on the roof, facing the sun. The sun heats anabsorber platein the collector, and this heats the water running through tubes inside the collector. The heated water is pumped or moved by gravity into the storage tank. Solar water heaters can use about two thirds less energy than those of other methods. The Process Sun shining on solar panels produces direct current electricity, or DC, the only kind of power stored in batteries. Often this is 12 volt DC, the standard used in cars and RVs. Larger systems may be designed for 24 volt DC, or sometimes 48 volt DC. This just means combining the same solar panels in pairs for 24 volt, or groups of four to get 48 volt. Windmills and micro-hydro generators in this catalog also produce DC for charging batteries. This DC power is stored in deep cycle lead-acid batteries, which give back the electricity as needed, even when no power is being produced. Like a bank account, power put into batteries over a period of time can be taken out more quickly if a lot is needed. Like a bank account you cannot take out more than you put in, or the account will be depleted. Moreover, lead-acid batteries need to be frequently 100% fully charged to remain in good condition. They should never be drawn completely down to empty. Because of these needs, to get the most years from your batteries requires some supervision by the owner. The inverter is a major component that converts the 12, 24, or 48 volt DC current from the battery into 120 volt AC current, the same as utility power for standard household lights, outlets, and appliances. Most solar homes use primarily 120 volt AC produced by the inverter. A few DC circuits are usually added where using DC can save a lot of energy. If there are a number of consecutive days without sunshine, the owner, being aware of the weather, checks his batteries. If the charge level is low, an engine driven generator may be started to recharge the batteries in order to keep the whole system working. A battery charger plugs into 120 volt AC from the generator producing low voltage DC to charge the battery. The generator is shut down after the batteries have been recharged. This process is automated in some power systems. Battery chargers in Recreational Vehicles are called converters). History Humans have harnessed the power of the sun for millennia. In the fifth century B.C., the Greeks took advantage of passive solar energy by designing their homes to capture the suns heat during the winter. Later, the Romans improved on solar architecture by covering south-facing windows with clear materials such as mica or glass, preventing the escape of solar heat captured during the day. In the late 19th century, inventors and entrepreneurs in Europe and the U.S. developed solar energy technology that would form the basis of modern designs. Among the best known of these inventors are August Mouchet and William Adams. Mouchet constructed the fi rst solar-powered steam engine.7 William Adams used mirrors and the sun to power a steam engine, a technology now used in solar power towers. He also discovered that the element selenium produces electricity when exposed to light. In the last 20 years, solar energy has made further inroads and now is used extensively in off -grid and remote power applications such as data monitoring   and communications, well pumping and rural power supply, and in small-scale applications such as calculators and wristwatches. But solar energy has not yet achieved its potential to become a major contributor to world electrical grids.   Passive solar heating Some buildings are designed forpassive solar heating, and do not need a solar collector. Basically, passive solar heating is when opportunities are made for the sun to shine into the building to warm it up. The walls and floors are made with materials that absorb and store the suns heat, and they heat up during the day and release the heat at night. This is called direct gain. In cold places in the northern hemisphere big windows are put in the south side of the building, letting in much sunlight. The inside of the buildings are therefore well lit, further reducing use of electricity. Heating bills can be half the size of those for a building requiring electrical or other heating. Building designs make sure that the longest walls run east to west, to allow more sunlight to enter in winter than in summer, with shades and overhangs to reduce summer heat. Solar Cookers Solar cookers can cook just about any food that a conventional oven can. A basic cooker is an insulated box with a glass top. Heat from concentrated sunlight gets trapped in the box and can be used to heat food placed in the box. What is solar energy? Solar is a radiant that is produced by the sun. Every day the sun radiates or sends out, an enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more energy in one second then people have used since the beginning of time! During nucleus fusion the sun is extremely high pressure and temperature cause hydrogen atoms to come apart and their nuclei (the central cores of the atoms) to fuse or combine. For hydrogen nucleus fuse to become one helium atom contains less mass than four hydrogen atoms that fused. Some matter is loosed during nuclear fusion. The lost matter is emitted into space as radiant energy.   It takes million of years of the energy in the suns core to make its way to the solar surface and then just a little over eight minutes to travel the 93 million miles to earth. The solar energy travels to the earth at a speed of 186,000 miles per second, the speed of light. Solar Electricity Solar energy technology is used on both small and large scales to produce electricity. A unique advantage of small-scale solar energy systems is that, if they include storage devices, They may eliminate the need to connect to the electric grid. PV systems power road maintenance And railroad warning signs, flashing school zone lights, area lighting and other devices without expensive power lines or batteries. Off shore oil rigs, navigational aids, water pumps, telecommunication equipment, remote weather stations and data logging equipment also benefit from PV power.16 In 2005, small-scale, off -grid PV-powered devices accounted for about 15 percent of PV capacity installed worldwide.17 In the same year, most installed PV systems — 59 percent — provided electricity to homes and buildings connected to the electrical grid.18 The remaining PV systems were installed for use in remote off -grid homes and buildings in industrialized countries and the developing world. Solar Heating Solar systems that heat water for homes and businesses, and passive solar design for buildings of all sizes, both have the same effect on the electric grid as conservation. They do not generate electricity per sec, but reduce the demand for electricity and natural gas. Uses Solar energy has many uses. It can be used to provide heat, light or to generate electricity. Passive solar energy refers to the collection of heat and light; passive solar design, for instance, uses the suns energy to make homes and buildings more energy-effi cient by eliminating the need for daytime lighting and reducing the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling. Active solar energy refers to storing and converting this energy for other uses, either as photovoltaic (PV) electricity or thermal energy. Economic Impact In 2006, global solar industry revenues were $10.6 billion.21 Texas specific data for solar industry revenues are not available. The IC2 Institute expects the solar industry to create more jobs and contribute billions of dollars in investment and income to the U.S. economy over the next decade, if long term incentives are offered to encourage the solar industry.22 An IC2 study noted that: †¦since high-tech manufacturing employment in Texas has yet to return to pre-recession levels, the PV manufacturing industry creates an opportunity to generate employment for semiconductor and electric component workers statewide whose jobs have been outsourced offshore. The Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) estimates that â€Å"every megawatt of solar power currently supports 32 jobs, with 8 of these jobs in system design, distribution, installation and service created where the systems are installed. As utilities begin to charge higher rates for peak load periods, PV systems that generate the most electricity during the hottest time of the day can produce substantial savings on energy costs. Production Sunlight can be converted into heat and electricity in a number of ways. A variety of solar technologies are in production, and many companies and researchers are pursuing efforts to develop devices that convert the suns energy more efficiently. Photovoltaic Energy Photovoltaic cells (PV) are used worldwide to convert sunlight into electricity. The PV cell contains two layers of semiconducting material, one with a positive charge and the other with a negative charge. When sunlight strikes the cell, some photons are absorbed by semiconductor atoms, freeing electrons that travel from the negative layer of the cell back to the positive layer, in the process creating a voltage. The flow of electrons through an external circuit produces electricity. Since individual photovoltaic cells produce little power and voltage — they generate only about one to two watts per cell—they are connected together electrically in series in a weatherproof module. To generate even more power and voltage, modules can be connected to one another to form a solar panel; solar panels are grouped to form an array. The ability to add additional modules as needed is a significant advantage of PV systems. Solar Thermal Energy Solar thermal energy refers to technologies that use the suns energy to heat water and other heat transfer fluids for a variety of residential, industrial and utility applications. Simple and widely used applications of solar thermal energy include solar water heating, swimming pool heating and agricultural drying. In the U.S., solar pool, water and space heating are currently the major applications of thermal energy. Flat-plate collectors — large, insulated metal boxes with glass or plastic covers and dark heat absorbing plates — are the most common collectors used for home solar water and space heating. Other common varieties are evacuated-tube collectors and integral collector storage systems. All three types gather the suns energy, transform it to heat and then transfer that heat to water, a heat-transfer fluid or air. Flat plate collectors typically are mounted on the roof. Evacuated-tube collectors are sometimes used to heat water, but also have useful commercial and Industrial applications where higher temperatures are required. The most powerful large-scale solar thermal technology, however, is concentrating solar power (CSP). While CSP can be PV-based, it generally refers to three solar thermal systems—parabolic troughs, solar dish/engines and power towers— each of which is in use or under development today. These systems use mirrors or reflectors to focus sunlight to heat a fluid and make steam, which then is used to generate electricity. At present, only parabolic troughCSP systems are in commercial use in the U.S., with three installations in three states capable of generating 419 MW of electricity in all.45 Trough systems consist of a linear, parabolic-shaped reflector that focuses the suns energy on a receiver pipe, heating a transfer fluid flowing through the pipe; the transfer fluid then generates superheated steam which is fed to a turbine and electric generator to produce electricity. The troughs track the sun from East to West during the day so that the sun is continuously focused on the receiver pipes.[3] Transmission Solar energy diff ers from most energy technologies in that it can be generated on site, reducing or eliminating fuel transportation and electricity transmission and distribution costs. Solar water heating and space heating devices are â€Å"stand-alone† systems that are not connected tothe electric grid. A PV system provides electric power directly to a user and can be used either as a â€Å"stand-alone† power source or connected to the electricity grid. Systems offering this flexibility sometimes are called distributed power generators. By contrast, utility-scale concentrating solar power plants use centralized power plants and transmission lines to distribute electricity to customers. In 2005, off -grid PV systems accounted for about 18 percent of all PV installed worldwide.50 Homes in remote areas can use PV systems for lighting, home appliances and other electrical needs, saving the cost of extending power lines to a remote location. These systems require a storage device to store power generated during the day for nighttime use; typically, this is a lead-acid battery bank. Unlike gasoline-powered generators, PV systems do not require fuel deliveries and are clean and quiet to operate. Net Metering Net metering standards allow owners of qualifying solar energy systems to be compensated for the value of electric energy they produce; they have been proven to promote solar energy systems. The IC2 Institute report that examined opportunities for the development of the Texas PV industry recommended the adoption of retail net metering in the state. Retail net metering credits customers at the utilitys full retail rate for each kWh generated rather than at the utilitys avoided-cost rate, which is lower. COSTS AND BENEFITS Both thermal and PV solar systems can produce electricity at significantly lower costs today than In the U.S., 2006 retail electricity prices for all sectors averaged more than eight cents per kWh, and for residential electricity, the price averaged about 10 cents per kWh.76 By contrast, parabolic troughstyle CSP systems generated electricity at a cost of 12 cents per kWh in 2006, while PV systems generated electricity for about 18 to 23 cents per kWh.77 The retail price of electricity during peak hours, however, can rise to between 25 and 40 cents per kWh in some parts of the U.S., making PV systems more competitive during peak periods.78 PV systems usually generate more electricity during the hottest time of the day, and thus can help to offset the need to add expensive electric generating capacity to satisfy peak demand in warm areas of the country. PV costs per kWh declined significantly over the last 16 years (from more than 45 cents per kWh in 1990 to about 23 cents per kWh in 2006), due primarily to manufacturing economies of scale as well as improved solar cell efficiency .79 The Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) notes that â€Å"each doubling in cumulative manufacturing has brought prices down by about 18 percent.†80 In the past five years alone, the world PV industry has grown by an average of 30 percent or more each year. In 2006, the U.S. PV industry expanded by 33 percent, compared to 19 percent for the world.81 The expansion of federal income tax credits for commercial and residential solar energy projects, and state and utility incentives, particularly in California, fueled the U.S. industrys impressive growth in 2006. These federal tax credits, however, are set to expire at the end of 2008, and were not extended by Congress in 2007. A shortage of silicon and growing global demand for solar PV modules led to some cost increases in 2006 and 2007.82 About 90 percent of PV modules today still are made of crystalline silicon (polysilicon), which has been in short supply globally, constraining production and temporarily increasing t he cost of solar cells.83 Polysilicon supplies are expected to remain tight and prices high until new plants under construction are completed.84 Solarbuzz, an international solar energy consulting fi rm, predicts rapid growth in polysilicon capacity through 2011, and a resumption of faster rates of growth for the PV market.85 Unprecedented investment in manufacturing capacity is expected to result in lower PV costs over the long term. The cost of solar modules accounts for 50 to 60 percent of the total installed cost of a PV system, with other system parts, materials, assembly and installation accounting for the remainder.86 PV module costs have declined by about 80 percent over the last decade, but the installation costs have not dropped appreciably in recent years.87 Installation costs vary depending on available sunlight, the typical energy usage of the home and the availability of experienced installers in the area. Unlike other energy sources, however, 90 percent of the cost of a PV system is incurred up front.88 once the system is installed, there are no fuel costs and the system requires little maintenance.

Choose 2 scenes in Twelfth Night and state how you would direct them Es

Choose 2 scenes in Twelfth Night and state how you would direct them Choose 2 scenes in Twelfth Night and state how you would direct them. Discuss some of the challenges you might face in directing the play to a modern audience. Being one of Shakespeare’s best romantic comedies, Twelfth Night has been re-enacted many a times, be it during Elizabethan times, or in modern times. Although set in the Elizabethan era, Twelfth Night has its charms. And indeed, it proves to be relevant and intimate to a modern audience, with its applicable themes and endearing characters. In directing a play of such mannerism, one would have to consider many factors affecting the overall effect of the play, and how it brings forth its true message and intentions. Hence, I have chosen to direct Act 3 Scene 1, as well as Act 2 Scene 3. The reasons why I have chosen the above scenes, is so as in Act 2 Scene 3, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Feste portray a kind of platonic love, that can be applied to a modern audience. In addition, Malvolio is shown forth as the typical puritan, who is the wet blanket for every party and discourages any kind of fun and disorder. This, hence, is also applicable to a modern audience, as the audience see Malvolio as the kind of person everyone would dislike. Thus, later on, when Malvolio is plotted against, the audience can comprehend why. This scene is seen to be a comical one, where humour is the main theme. Henceforth, Shakespeare’s theme of comedy still stands, despite later scenes of seriousness. Act 3 Scene 1 is a scene where we can see Olivia’s desperate and intensifying infatuation for Viola pouring out uncontrollably. Through Viola’s focused and straightforward rejections, we once again sense her dilemma due to her disguise, and also her devotion towards her task and towards Orsino. On the other hand, the message is brought forth that perhaps, woman aren’t always the ones waiting to be wooed. Olivia tries hard to achieve her goals (even when she fails), and gives a sense of stubbornness towards her ‘love’ for Viola (Cesario). Therefore, I have chosen to direct these two scenes. Firstly, Act 2 Scene 4. For this scene, it could be summarized as a comic scene with Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Feste having fun amongst them. Then, Malvolio, the puritan comes in, and spoils their fun, insulting them a... ...ness, and brings forth the carefree tone of the play. Overall, this challenge still stands in the sense of showing Shakespeare’s ‘see-saw’ method in its best light. Another challenge that I think I would face in directing this play would be making the costumes fit the Elizabethan times, yet attracting the modern audience and adding a personal touch to display the play in a way impressing to a modern audience, whom I believe like to watch plays which attract them at first glance. Hence, the clothing could be modern cum Elizabethan, creating an interesting mix. Yet another challenge would be keeping the audience engaged and have continued interest in the show, so as to bring the show to them fully and meaningfully. This is important as if the audience cannot stay focused, the overall effect may be affected. Hence, perhaps the actors could engage the audience with eye contact and stand in such a way as to not have their backs face the audience (unless completely necessary). All in all, directing the play of Twelfth Night to a modern audience proves to be a challenging task, but possible with perseverance in keeping the overall comedy-romantic genre of the play.

Payouts to smokers who are ill :: essays research papers

Are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Over recent years research has clearly demonstrated the harms of smoking, both in terms of reduced quality of life and death. We are now able to gauge more accurately the real health impacts of direct tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke. Of all drugs, both legal and illegal, smoking is the biggest killer. The social and economic cost of tobacco use in Victoria is more than $3 billion per year and more than two thirds the total cost of all drugs. Thirteen Victorians die every day from causes associated with cigarette smoking. Good morning/afternoon Mrs Birt and class, On Thursday the 11th of April the Supreme court of Victoria awarded Melbourne grandmother Rolah Ann McCabe $700,000 in damages after she sued one of the world's leading tobacco companies. The Victorian Supreme Court found that Australia's biggest tobacco company destroyed thousands of internal documents to deliberately subvert court processes and to deny Melbourne lung cancer patient Rolah McCabe a fair trial. Standing on the steps of the Supreme Court after her victory over British American Tobacco, Rolah McCabe pleaded with teenagers and especially girls not to smoke. Mrs McCabe is the first Australian smoker to successfully sue an international tobacco company and recently announced a donation of $70,000 to the Cancer Council of Victoria. The question raised by this is issue is are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Many non-smokers would say that everyone has the choice whether to smoke or not and that it is a voluntary action to smoke. But the nicotine in cigarettes is just like any other drug and can be as hard to quit has heroin. To understand whether or not people like Rolah McCabe deserve compensation from Tobacco companies, people who make opinions on this issue must be informed of the relevant information about the tobacco industry and each individual persons history. Mrs McCabe was born in Gippsland and started smoking the Capstan brand of cigarettes in 1962 at the age of 12, according to her statement of claim. Within four years she was smoking between 20 and 30 cigarettes a day. She then changed to the Escort brand in 1966 and smoked until 1992. At this stage in time anti smoking legislation had not been implemented by the Australian government as the dangers and health risks of smoking were not known. In a time of ignorance Tobacco products such as cigarettes were legally advertised on T. Payouts to smokers who are ill :: essays research papers Are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Over recent years research has clearly demonstrated the harms of smoking, both in terms of reduced quality of life and death. We are now able to gauge more accurately the real health impacts of direct tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke. Of all drugs, both legal and illegal, smoking is the biggest killer. The social and economic cost of tobacco use in Victoria is more than $3 billion per year and more than two thirds the total cost of all drugs. Thirteen Victorians die every day from causes associated with cigarette smoking. Good morning/afternoon Mrs Birt and class, On Thursday the 11th of April the Supreme court of Victoria awarded Melbourne grandmother Rolah Ann McCabe $700,000 in damages after she sued one of the world's leading tobacco companies. The Victorian Supreme Court found that Australia's biggest tobacco company destroyed thousands of internal documents to deliberately subvert court processes and to deny Melbourne lung cancer patient Rolah McCabe a fair trial. Standing on the steps of the Supreme Court after her victory over British American Tobacco, Rolah McCabe pleaded with teenagers and especially girls not to smoke. Mrs McCabe is the first Australian smoker to successfully sue an international tobacco company and recently announced a donation of $70,000 to the Cancer Council of Victoria. The question raised by this is issue is are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Many non-smokers would say that everyone has the choice whether to smoke or not and that it is a voluntary action to smoke. But the nicotine in cigarettes is just like any other drug and can be as hard to quit has heroin. To understand whether or not people like Rolah McCabe deserve compensation from Tobacco companies, people who make opinions on this issue must be informed of the relevant information about the tobacco industry and each individual persons history. Mrs McCabe was born in Gippsland and started smoking the Capstan brand of cigarettes in 1962 at the age of 12, according to her statement of claim. Within four years she was smoking between 20 and 30 cigarettes a day. She then changed to the Escort brand in 1966 and smoked until 1992. At this stage in time anti smoking legislation had not been implemented by the Australian government as the dangers and health risks of smoking were not known. In a time of ignorance Tobacco products such as cigarettes were legally advertised on T.

Shoot The Teacher :: essays research papers

Shoot The Teacher During the couple of days that pass in this book, lots of things happen. A boy in his mid teens becomes to heavy a burden for his mother to carry. She kicks him out. Her divorced husband gets to take care of Adam. Adam and his father, who Adam calles Simon, move to a new place with a new school where Simon is a teacher. The very first day they're involved in a shooting. But there is more to come! Three people are shot and killed in only a few days. There are many theories of hwo comitted the killings. Simon is the main suspect, however he's found innocent. Instead the find that the murderer is Adam's only friend Naomi, who was the stepdaughter of the first victim. Adam is in the beginning of the book a rebellious young man. The typical teenager in revolt. He's growing his hair long, refusing to go to school and talking back to his mother. He seemes to calm down quite a bit though in just a few days. As a matter of fact, as soon they arrive at the new school, Adam seemes to be more mature and calm. Maybe that's because he doesn't have any friends in the new school, maybe because he feels inferior being the new kid and outsider that he is. Adam's relationship to his father seemes to vary a lot. At first Adam looks at his father as if he was a perfect stranger.And he has all rights to do that since they practicly hadn't seen each other att all since Adam was born. Then some kind of a father-son friendship evolves, but I get the feeling that it's only because they feel they have to. When Simon is accused of murder, Adam starts to hate him. Perhaps stop caring about it, is a better way of describing Adam's feelings towards his dad. The author used a technique with many enviromental descriptions. He didn't use a lot of fancy words, probably because it is a youth book.

Process Centered Organizations Essay

Process Centered Organizations are planned to create maximum value, innovation and development. A Process Centered Organization can sustain its processes at a high level. A process centered organizational design sorts out the best blend of structure and process. By carrying out a process-centered cycle, healthcare organizations can achieve their goals by changing the way workflow is defined and the way the people working in these organizations perceive their roles. In all healthcare organizations, the focal point is the patient. From a patient’s perspective, how much he or she is valued is important. Healthcare organizations around the globe are making efforts to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways. But modern times require these organizations to engage in the use of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to improve and direct processes towards creating value for the patient. One such example of a healthcare organization is Eastern Maine Medical Center (EMMC), Bangor, Maine. The organization in fact received the 2008 HIMSS Davies Award. This prestigious award is given to selected hospitals in the United States for effectively using information technology to improve the safety and quality of patient care. EMMC represents an immaculate example of how to apply and make use of electronic health records (EHR) along with other technologies in order to ensure delivery of quality and evidence based healthcare. The EHR system was installed as part of EMMC’s Patient First Initiatives Program. This was an effort to provide high quality patient care by changing care delivery, adopting a patient-focused culture and implementing a technology plan to support the care delivery process. EMMC’s use of data derived from its healthcare IT systems is a shining example of how to drive performance improvement, quality and improve care in response to state and national reporting requirements. †(HIMMS news, 2008) Eric Hartz, MD, EMMC chief medical information officer, says this award is a crowning achievement for EMMC’s employees. He emphasized that in the end, it is the patients of the region who will benefit from EMMC. The organizations staff worked hard for nearly a decade to implement the most advanced computer systems on the market to allow instantaneous sharing of health information among all healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care. â€Å"When the software that was currently available wasn’t doing the job we wanted, we challenged our vendors to work with us to build something better. It has been a tremendous collaboration†, said MR. Hartz. The services offered by these new systems are incredible. For example they improved ratio from electronic to hand written orders from 5:1 to 14:1. It eliminated 160 minutes from order writing to pharmacy receipt of orders, plus the average time for pharmacist review decreased 52 percent, from 50. 8 minutes to 24. 3 minutes. It also decreased overall medication incidents by 27 percent etc. (Cerner, 2008) The new systems in EMMC offer decision-support to help guarantee that patients receive the safest and best care achievable. EMMC’s providers and staff spent numerous hours working on the clinical systems to continuously make them better. They involved themselves and participated with the organizations experts in the information systems department and this allowed them to streamline all their processes and improve employee productivity. After several years of preparation, improvement, and execution, the nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professionals adopted advancements in information technology. They are now helping to bring the latest advancements and technology in patient care to the people who arrive at the doorstep of their hospital from any side of Maine. In process centering, processes are not newly created by organizations; in fact existing processes are modernized to meet the organization’s goals. What process centering does is to modify the perception and bring the process into focus. And this is exactly what EMMC did in order to provide higher levels of satisfactions to their patients and customers.

Plato’s Theory of Knowledge, A Guide to Reaching Higher Grounds Essay

The human knowledge may be regarded as having a two parts: One that he sees hears and touches, on the other he organizes mind s on what he learns through the senses. Philosophers have given considerable attentions to questions about the resources of knowledge. Some philosophers think that that the particular thing seen, heard and touches are more important. They believe that general ideas are formed from the examination of the particular facts. A philosopher who feels that the knowledge is acquired in this way is called empiricist. The view of the knowledge can be attained only through the sense of experience. According to them the real knowledge is based on what our sight, hearing smell and other senses tell us it is really out there and not what people makes up in their heads. Other philosopher thinks it is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judge. This method advocates rationalist. A newer school pragmatism, believe that the value in use is the real test of the truth and meaning and truth of an idea are tested by the practical consequences. These are some of the groups that search about the roots of the theory of knowledge. When a person wants to be enlightened you must know what the light within us is. This light will guide us in every step of our lives. It is a process on what is greater than life, what is greater in the physical things that we see. It is the moment when we begin to know something that is greater than, which is also within ourselves. According to the Augustinian Theory of knowledge, there are two objectives to be considered. One is to show how knowledge of all kinds is achieved and how therefore true reality maybe discovered. The second is to provide the groundwork for the reform of the cultural education to ensure the proper development of the people through teaching knowledge. Inner awakening is that you follow your ego, but after you realize and enlightened, we follow god’s will. We as a person must know and search ways to be enlightened. Enlightenment is the aim of any person. But after you get this enlightened don’t fear that you will loose everything. You must enjoy things more passionate but you know when and how and do not abuse your power of enjoyment like you did before enlighten. The theory of knowledge gives us a guide on how human reach the higher level of enlightenment. It gives us the one by one step and details on how knowledge is acquire. Plato a great philosopher considers some of the details about what is the nature of knowledge and the way it was obtained. In the traditional analysis of knowledge Plato’s theory of knowledge divides into three approaches: (1) the allegory of â€Å"the cave† (2) the metaphor of the â€Å"divide line† (3) and the doctrines â€Å"the forms†. The cave tells us that most of the people who are living in the cave, in the dark has converted to salvation because of the knowledge that they acquire. The â€Å"divided line† visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states that there are four stages of the knowledge development. (1) Imagining, which tells us that the looks or appearance seen as true reality. For example an art, which tells us that what we have seen is not necessarily what, you get. (2) Belief, Plato gives us the idea of seeing the reality does not always believe. We have the strong conviction of what we see but not with absolute certainty. (3) Thinking, it is believe the visible world and move into intelligible world which it stands for the power of mind. Plato wants to see all things as they really are so we can see that all things are interconnected. (4) The development stage of the knowledge due to thinking. The third Approach is â€Å"the Forms† are the highest levels of reality. The forms are called ideas. These are independent existing entities whose existence and nature are graspable only by the mind, even though they are not depend on being so grasped in order to exist A person is in then stage of immaturity, when theory of knowledge takes place he will undergo such different stages like at first he will see what is the source and problem of its immaturity understanding what is immaturity will mean a process that under go such enlightenment. After understanding and knowing the problem he will go to the next stage which is by visualizing the level of knowledge of being immature. He can have a research or he can conduct a qouestion and answer so that he can get some opinion so that it can help a lot in defining the problem of being immature. For instance, what distinguishes real knowledge from mere opinion? The real knowledge is based on the logic, the laws and the methods of reason that we use to understand the universe (Velasquez, 1999) By getting such knowledge and analyzing of what category or level he can create a new solution in order of getting out of being immature.Thingking of the possible solution and ideas is the last satge of getting out of being immature.This process or step of solving ones problem is an example of theory of knowledge which can be apply to enlightenment.In any of the different stages they are interconnected to one another so that it can create a good solution which enlightens on a person. There is a given change of such enlightenment. For Parmenides, Change is the confusion of the appearance (motion) with reality (permanence) and therefore the change is simply an illusion. Reality is the basis of truth (knowledge) where as changes produces only opinion (lack of knowledge). Although the senses tells us that the things appear to change and therefore things do change, our reason can distinguish the truth from that which appear to be true. When reasons say reality must be single permanent substances, then there can be no change. (Hankinson, 1998) Plato’s theory of knowledge leads us down many roads, but we see the same theme through out: the light to dark; ignorant to educate: reality to really real.The theory of knowledge imparts us that in every circumstances in life there is a solution. In every situation that we have there is an appropriate answer. Having a knowledge or education gives us the true meaning of reality and real.That is when enlightenment takes place. When we have already the knowledge and reasons we know now how to handle and solve on any situation that we have.   Enlightenment is one of important part in our life to have a sense of direction. If we can apply the the different stages of theory of knowledge and integrate it   to its process of enl;ightenment there is a good way that humanities can have the truth , the reality, and the essence of having a knowledge.Believing to the knowledge that we have and through by the grace we can struggle and survive in any situation that we have. Velasquez, Manuel â€Å"Philosophy: A text with readings†. New York: Wadsworth publishing company, 1999. Hankinson, RJ.† Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought†. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. â€Å"Human Knowledge and Human Nature: A new introduction to an Ancient Debate† Oxford University Press, 1992   ISBN 0-19-875101-X ISBN 0-19-875102-8 (pbk.) http://www.philosophy.umd.edu/Faculty/pcarruthers/HKHN-Conclusion.htm â€Å"Augustinian Knowledge Of theory† http://www.users.bigpond.com/seckington/Augustinian%20Knowledge.htm â€Å"What is Enlightenment ?† (â€Å"Qu’est-ce que les Lumià ¨res ?†), in Rabinow (P.), à ©d., The Foucault Reader, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50. http://foucault.info/documents/whatIsEnlightenment/foucault.whatIsEnlightenment.en.html

Personal factors that can influence children’s development Essay

Family is a huge part of a child’s development. Older siblings could mean that the child has a good role model to look up to. If the child lives in an extended family could mean that the child has more strong relationships with different members of the family which could give them a strong sense of security. The child may live with one single parent, which could mean the child craves attention from other people because their parent is at work or away for other reasons. A child could get easily confused if their parent remarries which could add step-siblings to the family. Another reason that could affect a child’s development is their housing. Lack of personal space can cause tension between siblings or not having access to a garden or public play area can lead to the lack of physical skills and socializing skills. A child is likely to get jealous over a new baby. Sibling rivalry is common it could make a child feel left out. If they have to share a bedroom it could cause tension between them. Sharing a bedroom with a younger sibling may cause the older sibling not to get enough sleep. Read more:Â  Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors essay External factors that influence a child’s development. Socioeconomics- Wealth and poverty of a child’s family can have a huge effect on a child’s development; it can determine opportunities like education. Nutrition- A child’s brain development relies of regular nourishment, eating healthy and keeping active reduces the risk of illness. Family and Society- Families can steer a child’s development in three ways; nurturing, stimulation and behavioural modelling. Education- A child’s first years are important for a child’s developing brain. A child needs interaction with adults and other children. Political Environment- Children who are brought into the world around war and threat on war can develop psychosocial stress. They could be affected by this for the rest of their lives.

“Look, stranger, at this island now” by W.H. Auden Essay

This poem us a â€Å"musical† exercise in which the poet reveals his technical skill by using sound techniques and figurative language to reinforce his description of a scene. It is one of Auden’s few poems of natural description, perhaps of the coast in the West Country of England. The first stanza requires the stranger – someone unfamiliar with the island of kingdom of Britain but perhaps acquainted with the stereotype of it as a dull and gloomy place – to look at, and re-examine his prejudice about, Britain, as it is revealed (â€Å"discovered†) for his enjoyment by the sunlight dancing and flickering on the waves of the sea. The alliteration and consonance of -l- sounds (leaping, light, delight) and of the dental -t- and -d- sounds (light, delight, discovers) in the second line, and the variation of long vowel sounds in â€Å"leaping† and â€Å"light†, together with the repetition of â€Å"light†, creates a quick dancing effect which mimics the reflection of sunlight off waves. In two more commands the narrator requires the stranger to stand and remain quiet so that he can hear the sound of the sea, varying in volume, perhaps according to the fixity required, while the pattern of stresses on â€Å"wander† and â€Å"river†, in the penultimate line, and on â€Å"swaying sound of the sea†, in the last line, combined with the sibilance, conveys an idea of the changing volume of sound coming from the sea, and the continued whispering sound that it makes. The second stanza invites the stranger to wait at the point where a small field ends in a chalk cliff, which drops to a shingle beach below. The waves surge up the beach until they are halted by the cliff. The assonance of the long -au- vowel sound in â€Å"small† and â€Å"pause† in the first line, which concludes with the command to pause, gives the impression of something long ending suddenly, which creates a feeling of suspense and uncertainty as to what comes next and suggests the ending of the land and the beginning of the air. The same assonance in â€Å"chalk†, â€Å"walls†, â€Å"falls† and â€Å"tall† creates the same sense of extension but its quick repetition in â€Å"chalk wall falls†Ã‚  conveys the notion of a rapid or sheer drop, the alliteration of -f- conveying the notion of air bubbling up in foam. The onomatopoeic â€Å"pluck† and â€Å"knock† vividly conveys the dragging and pounding effect of the waves on the shingle and the cliff, the sturdy defiance of the last-named being suggested in the metaphor â€Å"oppose†. The metaphor and onomatopoeia in â€Å"scrambles†, with its clutter of consonants, again vividly conveys the quick sliding descent of the shingle down the beach, the sibilance re-creating the sound it makes, while the metaphor in â€Å"sucking†, together with the break in the word, gives some idea of the powerful pulling action of the ebbing waves. Again, the description of the gull and the placing of â€Å"lodges† at the end of the line creates a sense of suspension which emphasizes the difficulty of maintaining a perch on the wave and hints at the brevity of the stay. The third stanza takes us further out to sea and describes the ships which leave the port (â€Å"diverge†), and which seem, because of their diminutive size, as small as seeds. The simile â€Å"like floating seeds† suggests they are bearing new life. They are so far away that they do not seem to be controlled by men (â€Å"voluntary†) though they are on â€Å"errands† (which diminishes the importance of their journeys) which are â€Å"urgent† (these words imply that those who direct these vessels have an exaggerated idea of the importance or value of these journeys). The rhyming of â€Å"diverge† and â€Å"urgent† creates a sense of the ploughing movement of the ship as it passes through the water. The last four lines of this stanza return to the start of the poem and suggest that the whole scene may continue to live in the memory of the observer, passing as silently and casually and beautifully as the clouds reflected in the water of the harbour pass, like people strolling at leisure. Here, the alliteration and consonance of the soft -m- sounds in â€Å"memory†, â€Å"mirror† and â€Å"summer†, and the half-rhymes of â€Å"mirror† â€Å"summer† and â€Å"saunter† all convey a sense of gentle and relaxed ease, appropriate for scenes which are recalled in moments of leisure. The poem, then, invites the stranger to see for himself the beauty of this  island at this special moment in time. Although it suggests a need to re-examine old prejudices about the island kingdom, it also functions as a celebration of the senses of sight and hearing which are used in observing the scene and in re-living the experience. It is written in three stanzas of seven lines. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is abcdcbd. The line lengths are varied effectively, to suggest changes in the movement of waves or in the duration of a sound or a feeling. Run-on or end-stopped likes are used effectively to convey similar ideas or impressions.

Nursing care study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Nursing care study - Essay Example A description of the condition and symptoms that brought Mrs Davies to the surgical ward from Mrs Davies own perspective will be provided. This information was obtained by asking Mrs Davies and her family relevant questions.The main body of the care study will discuss the nursing assessment and holistic care of Mrs Davies. Although Mrs Davies was continually assessed throughout her stay on the ward, two main problems associated with abdominoplasty will be concentrated upon from the initial assessment, they are mobility and pain and will discussed throughout with reference to appropriate literature and evidence. A conclusion will be drawn with regards to the information discussed in the body of the essay. This will be to provide an overview of the evidence based practice employed in the nursing care of the patient. Prior to beginning this care study verbal consent was obtained from the patient and family, and objectives to doing the study were explained to them. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, â€Å"The code of professional conduct† (NMC, 2008) patient confidentiality will be maintained throughout and a pseudonym will be use protect the patients identity therefore throughout this study the patient will be known as Mrs Davies. A 45 year old lady Mrs. Davies is happily married to Mr Davies they have been married for 25 years. They and have 3 daughters; the oldest one is married and lives in London with her family while the other two live with her. She works as a cook supervisor in a secondary school while her husband is a carpenter and has his own business and works from home. However, Mrs Davies mentioned that she did enjoy swimming and walking 2-3 times a week. Over the last 10 years, she has gained a tremendous amount of weight. She gained 15 kilograms of weight in that time which now puts her in to the obese category this is evident from the fact that her current

Ryle's criticisms of Cartesian Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ryle's criticisms of Cartesian Dualism - Essay Example In the physical world, people can communicate, but the mental conscious world is completely hidden from view and unknowable by others. To the question of what kind of knowledge can be obtained by the minds workings, the Cartesian dualist perspective asserts that consciousness is able to get a good grasp of the present workings of ones mind, which cannot be shaken as unreal, in spite of inputs by Freud with regard to some unconscious, subconscious impulses that can also govern the conscious processes. The data is presented within the immediate time frame, available to the consciousness or mind. Together with this data are the fruits of one person’s going into himself, introspectively, to examine his minds contents as a kind of self-observation. The other, meanwhile, is not privy and is completely shut out of this immediate consciousness experience. Even language is said to reflect this view of consciousness as something innate and to which the external actions in the environmen t register and make impressions. Ryle calls this whole infrastructure of thought the ghost in the machine dogmatic formulation. He contests this dogma on several grounds and objects to its validity. Ryle testifies that the whole ghost in the machine infrastructure or theory of mind is completely false (Ryle, 1949, pp. 11-16) â€Å"I shall often speak of it, with deliberate abusiveness, as ‘the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine’. I hope to prove that it is entirely false, and false not in detail but in principle. It is not merely an assemblage of particular mistakes. It is one big mistake and mistake of a special kind. It is, namely, a category mistake (Ryle, Descartes myth, 1949, pp. 15-16, Paragraph #2) The core of the objection is with regard to the Cartesian view of the dualism of mind and body as a category mistake and a myth of the philosopher, meaning that in essence those mental processes are miscategorized and made to fit a category to which they do not belong. Ryle

Develop customer service plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Develop customer service plan - Coursework Example Customer services team will contact on regular basis to understand their experiences after using the product and requirements. Customer satisfaction is the first priority of the company. Survey will be conducted to identify the needs of the customer. Our main aim is to achieve customer satisfaction by providing quality product and meeting the needs of the customers. The company is planning to consider formal and informal feedback technique to get feedback from the customers. Customers will be contacted over email and telephone to get a view about their experiences. It also tends to develop proper client relationship with the existing client base to make them feel comfortable to start after sales services anytime within the service period. The company will use RATER survey procedure (Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy and Responsiveness) and it will focus on these five different areas to obtain full satisfaction of the customers. It will ensure that the customer can fully relay on the quality of the product that has been delivered to him/her. Assurance states that the company assures of proving service at any point of time within the service period. Tangibility of the product will be updated and delivered as shown in the product description. The company will always be empathetic towards any issues faced by the customers starting from the ordering period till the duration of service period. Any issues and problems will be quickly resolved by our customer service team members. Customers will always get quick response and the issue will be solved as fast as possible. McKinsey&Company., 2014. The three Cs of customer satisfaction: Consistency, consistency, consistency. [Online]. Available at: http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/consumer_and_retail/the_three_cs_of_customer_satisfaction_consistency_consistency_consistency. [Accessed on September 17, 2014]. Anderson. E., et al. Customer Satisfaction, Productivity and

Statistical Data Analysis and findings of a survey (the survey is part Statistics Project

Statistical Data Analysis and findings of a survey (the survey is part of an action research to investigate teacher training practices in Qatar) - Statistics Project Example A needs analysis survey in the first stage has been employed to collect data about issues in language teaching INSET in Qatar. It is important to emphasize that the use of this survey is for the purpose of needs analysis and is not based on any predetermined hypotheses. Using a survey in an early stage of my research project was intended to maximize the number of perspectives (Denscombe 1998: 169), and due to the versatile nature of surveys. Surveys can tap into attitudes that respondents are not completely aware of, and increase the consistency and reliability of the results through reducing the bias of interviewer effects (DÃ ¶rnyei & Taguchi 2010:6). The survey was administered online through a survey website (Surveymonkey.com). Online surveys are increasingly popular for data collection and preferred over traditional mail surveys in many ways (Pan 2010:121-122). They provide a lower cost option (Sheehan 1999:47), convenience in answering the survey (Evans & Mathur 2005:198) and respondents are also more likely to respond to sensitive and private questions (Ritter et al. 2004). The survey consisted of 70 items distributed under 7 categories in addition to a final open-ended question for respondents’ final comments. The table below shows the distribution of the survey items. The design of the survey was based on my initial literature review of the study and guided by the main aim of the survey which is to provide directions for the intervention design. As discussed in the first panel report, for INSET programs to be successful, teachers’ voice should be heard and taken into consideration (Locke 2006). As a result, most of the items of the survey are intended to capture teachers’ voice and concerns. Items 4-40 elicit data on preferences of delivery methods, training themes and assessment tools. Items 41-66 seek to

Quantitative Analysis for Business....Data Collection Essay

Quantitative Analysis for Business....Data Collection - Essay Example With quantitative research, the data collection process works with a stated hypothesis that works with a stated theory. In the case of BIMS, data collection is acquired from patients exposed to different medications and other measures. The various methods that fall under the quantitative include experiments, observation, using management systems to acquire information and conducting surveys (University of Pheonix, n.d.). The major merits associated with these methodologies are that they produce relevant results, as detailed results are obtained from the experiments. The researchers work with real time experiences hence are able to record details that may be used as constrains. The main disadvantage of quantitative is that they are time consuming as massive data entry takes place in the continuity of the process. The method is also prone to error as many data entry of the information is done by individuals, who might key in incorrect information. Quantitative methods of collecting data are expensive, as the researchers might require incentives to lure potential information givers. Also, travelling from one location to another includes miscellaneous expenses (University of Pheonix,

Stress in Air Traffic Controllers Research Paper

Stress in Air Traffic Controllers - Research Paper Example In an increasingly competitive global environment, where the scramble for resources and the search for tangible opportunities seem to have overtaken any other global undertaking, the importance of commercial aviation cannot be overemphasized. Commercial aviation plays a very central role in the overall growth of any economy across the world. It is therefore imperative to look into the key issues that govern the aviation industry to ensure its success and proper functionalism. The concept of aviation security comes in as one of the most pressing issues in this regard. The commercial aviation industry continues to face a number of challenges with respect to safety and security of the passengers it transports. While it can be argued that much progress has since been realized in addressing and instituting safety measures, it is worth noting that safety is so important that any effort could never be enough (Sweet 2009). One of the most pressing issues that affect commercial airline operators is the high-stress levels evidenced in air traffic controllers (Dekker 2007). Indeed, this job requires high levels of expertise, knowledge, and practical application of this experience. As such, the air traffic controllers are normally expected to demonstrate high amounts of alertness considering that their duties are very core toward air safety. They are required to display a mixture of interpersonal skills together with human cognitive aspects in a way that blends well to give high-performance levels. Stress is indeed a very negative phenomenon that must always be addressed as a safety measure in the aviation industry. In ATC, stress is normally a very great playing factor that limits proper functionality and performance.  

What were Peron's economical and political polices and why did they Essay

What were Peron's economical and political polices and why did they fail† - Essay Example d economic steps taken by the Peron’s government and there is a so called de-peronizing process in the country to reverse the damage done by the regime. There were major issues involved on the social, political as well economical scale which are considered as failed steps taken by the regime. This essay will look into the reasons behind the failure of economic as well as political policies initiated by Peron during his two regimes and their overall impact on the Argentinean economy and the Latin America as a whole. The structure of this essay will be in such a way that it will first discuss the political history of Argentine just before the era of Juan Peron followed by the Political rise of Peron and then how and what was done on the economic front which made Peron as one of the charming and progressive leaders of Latin America and finally it was explored as to why the Economic as well as Political reforms undertaken by Peron can be considered as failure. In discussing the Political history of the Argentine, we will be focusing on the period of the first half of the 19th century but before the overtaking of Peron of the Argentine government. This period will be analyzed in order to explore the political thought of Peron’s time when finally achieved the throne of Argentine government for the first time in 1946. The Political history of Argentine remained much of a troubled history as it has witnessed much trouble and instability in its political as well as social arena despite having such great potential. It is largely considered that the political problems of the country was much due to its own people rather than inflicting trouble from external forces.(Watkins,1996)1. Historically, Argentine has remained an oligarchy under one party rule. However due to Oligarchy, there was a widespread opposition to the rule too as it was perceived that the Oligarch was pursuing their own class interests therefore there was a growing dissent within the middle class

Coach Johnson Essay Example for Free

Coach Johnson Essay 1.Some Various forms of power include coercive, compliance gaining, expert, and reward power (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg. 229-230). The kind of power that Coach Johnson has on his team very to comply with coach Johnson’s goals like going to the championships. 2.The turning point was when Gilbert decided to go talk to Coach Johnson because from there and on Coach Johnson yelled at gilbert had a bad conversation. Yes I think it was the same turning point for Coach Johnson because he felt more frustrated because he does not like people telling how to run things. If one has a positive turning point and the other has a negative, the person with the positive turning point might be calmer and actually talk things out. 3.The turmoil stage, the conflict was increase and unclear relationship happened when Gilbert approach the Coach. The stagnation stage, communication declined and both took each other for granted because they were mad at each other, Gilbert because he wanted more playing time and Coach Johnson because he doesn’t like people telling him how to run things. The de-intensification stage, decreased interaction and distance both were to mad at each other that they didn’t want to talk. The individualization stage, when both are more individual than being more of a team. The separation stage, when they try to eliminate further communication between them, this is when Coach Johnson decides to put James over Gilbert. The final stage is post-interaction stage, this happened when gilbert wants to quit the team and go his separate way. (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg. 263-265) 4.Social exchange theory is an economic model of human behavior used to explain how people arrive at decisions, posits that people seek the greatest amount of reward with the least amount of cost (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg.267). Well the cost would be the relationship and the rewards would be the rewards you are gaining from the relationship. Coach Johnson decided to put James in instead of Gilbert because he was not gaining any rewards from Gilbert because Gilbert was not playing good. 5.Attitude can be communicated verbally when Gilbert talked back to his coach. Attitude can also be communicated verbally when Gilbert talked back to his coach. Attitude can also be communicated non-verbally, this happened when his teammates seen Gilbert always mad through his face expression. Attitude affects long term relationships because when people have an attitude they tend to say things they don’t  mean. Gilbert might want to recognize his mistakes in the games and work harder and talk to Coach Johnson when he is calmer and relaxed, Gilbert should also apologizing to his team for not being his best on team.