Environmental Pressures for Change Essay

Of the environmental pressures for change, I believe hyper competition and market decline were the pressures experienced by Intel. The reason I believe this is because in the case study Barrett talked about its rival Micro Devices and how he felt the competitiveness that was among them. In the reading it states, â€Å"Barrett felt that in this competitive and segmented market, Intel needed to be reorganized to make it more nimble (Palmer et.al, 2009). When you think about it, some of the greatest challenges that are faced by leaders of today are the ability to stay competitive. There are constant disruptions that can be seen and it is up to the company to avoid them or keep them under control. Barrett recognized that he needed to make a move so his competition would not run over him. In the study, reorganization was a main point as Barrett was involved in many during his first three years. I believe Barrett saw this reorganization as a way to get ahead of the competition and to look at new opportunities. In reference to market decline, Barrett and Intel tried to handle what was happening. Since 9/11 the industry was affected in a major way, and the decline of the economy was one of the big reasons. Intel was now getting worried about Micro Devices being able to produce a faster chip. Internal Pressures for Change Based on the internal presures at Intel, I feel that growth was the one Barrett was facing. From the case study, Barrett was consistently dealing with internal pressure. He was always trying to reorganize his projects and some employees were seeing that he was starting many projects without completing the ones that he started. It was being referred to as â€Å"shuffling execs like cards† (Palmer et. al, 2009). While dealing with the growth change, Barrett had intentions to change some of the culture that the company was all about. In my opinion he saw growth as a way to renew his job satisfaction. Even though this was not a new organization, I think Barrett felt that he would try and bring a different type of feel to the company;one that would allow for the internal challenge of growth to be met head on. Limits to Change I believe there are limits to the change that can be accomplished at Intel due to the fact that Barrett was taking on and trying to incorporate too many changes without following through on a single one. In his own mind I feel he was always trying to reach that next place that would take Intel to the top of software. What I feel he did not understand was when you are dealing with limits to change at Intel, it has to involve the decision making team as a whole. At that point different members of the team are there to handle the limits to change with proper communication. They do this by answering questions as well as the objections before they are put into effect. If this is not completed with good communication, then there will be a struggle for change which limits organizations in a poor way. Managers and the Pressures that Lead to Change For managers and leaders alike, pressure that lead to change could sometimes be overwhelming. To have a understanding of the pressures a manager must accept that change needs to be an effective system that the cuture of the organization embraces from the start. A reason for this is to keep the motivation at a high level at the same time knowing what drives your employees to reach that level. Change is stressful enough but when you incorporate it into the workforce, it gets even more challenging. That is why having a clear and personal understanding of the pressures why allow managers to manage the pressures that lead to change. Responding to the challenges is what employees do well, and it is the change that can rasie doubt throughout the workplace. Motivation continues to be a key factor that gives managers an upper hand when it comes to having success with an organization. Lack of motivation will prove costly in the end and envitably lead to pressures fof change. Most people are motivated by the same types of things, whether it is success, happiness or money. To manage the pressure for change, senior leaders need the commitment or buy in from the staff in order for an effective change to occur. References Palmer, I., Dunford, R., & Akin, G. (2009). Managing Organizational Change. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Irwin.

Mba Program in Kogod School of Business Essay

MNTC, my painstaking effort, is aggressively aimed to produce for China’s electric power enterprises the best RFID chip, and to provide the power equipment inspection departments and clients with decoders and background service. After quitting from the bank job, I immediately created MNTC, which has always been carefully treated as my child. For its robust growth, I have tried my best to be the world’s most attentive father. RFID chips function as both equipment IDs and recorders. First, write customer information into the chips and encrypt it through the encryption system out of our own independent research and development, and then install those chips into all sorts of needed electric power equipments, so as to equip the corresponding departments and users with the ability to access the devices through network in a secure and efficient manner. After having successfully solved the financial and the human resource crisis, the usual issues encountered during the initial period of an enterprise development, I further established a background system development team. Since then, MNTC won the first sum of financing, which made me wholly aroused. But the company being bigger and stronger forced me to feel that my already insufficient management skills is eventually unable to fulfill the development needs of MNTC. And hence I deeply realize the very importance of more advanced management concepts and strategies. Advancing my management ability is indeed the short-term goal, and this is closely related to most courses in the Kogod School of Business. The study and research on those courses can definitely cultivate me to be a more prudent and masterful manager. Upon graduation, I have faith that, not only can I take the most of the improved economic modes to implement better cost control, but also I could apply more brilliant business strategies to explore the expansive ways of MNTC. I’m more eager to learn from American University (AU) about how to perfect the industry chain of electric power by finally achieving the more optimized combination of technology and capital, and how to promote industrial revolution in the perspective of networking application. Yes, that is my long-term goal, seemingly far away. To reach it, I am in dire need of the guidance of my future beacons, the distinguished professors in the Kogod School. Hope to draw on the experience of the successful roads of numerous American enterprises, through which in order to accumulate more capital and introduce more powerful technology innovation for China’s electric power industry. Years of management experience has solidly honed me to become a diligent thinker who can always figure out solutions from different angles. The diversity of AU and AU’s emphasis on creation nicely fit this characteristic of mine. What’s more, the specialties of AU – Kogod Center for Career Development and K-LAB (Kogod Leadership & Applied Business) would guarantee me a wide and deep network of alumni resources from within the AU community and beyond. Thus, I firmly believe that the world-class MBA program in AU, outstanding and well-rounded, plus the superior geographical position of Washington, DC are the two critical factors of ensuring that American University is and will be the best choice of accomplishing my long-term goal.

Chemistry Exam Review

Melting solid silver to form liquid silver 006 10. 0 points Which of the processes I) chopping broccoli l) baking bread Ill) burning a match involves a chemical change? 2. Pulling silver into silver wire . Ill only 3. Passing electric current Again (as) to plate out silver through 4. Dissolving silver nitrate in water to form a solution 2. II and Ill only 3. Only 4.All of these 004 10. 0 points Which of the following is a chemical property of sulfur? And Ill only 5. 6. II only . Burns in air 7. And II only 2. Melts at 119 C Dowses (vivid) – Exam review – Dowses 8. None of these – (241 27) 007 10. 0 points Which Of the properties I) conductivity II) combustibility Ill) hardness are chemical properties? 2 to identify a type of matter? 1. Density 2. Heat 3. Mass 4. Volume 2. And Ill only 011 10. 0 points Write 0. 0000072 using scientific notation. 1. 7. 2 x 10-6 4. Only 2. 72 x 10-7 5. All of these 3. 7. 2 x 10-7 6. Ill only 4. 0. Xx 10-5 7.II only 8. And II only 00 8 10. 0 points Which process does NOT involve a chemical change? 012 10. 0 points What is in between the electrons and nucleus of an atom? 1. Nothing 2. No one knows. 1. Melting of a solid 3. Water vapor 2. Oxidation of a metal 4. Air 3. Combustion 5. Smaller atoms go 10. 0 points Which of the following is an intensive property? 1. 16 cubic feet 013 10. 0 points Which scientist discovered that the atomic number, rather than the atomic weight, is more responsible for the properties of an element? (Tragically this scientist died soon after as a soldier in WWW. 00 Kelvin 2. 1. SST. Augustine 3. 3 miles 2. Chadwick 4. 4 days 3. Mosey 010 10. 0 points Which of the following properties can be used 4. Milliken 5. Rutherford 014 10. 0 points Which of the following is F-ELSE? 3 2. 45 protons; 35 electrons; 45 neutrons 3. 35 protons; 45 electrons; 45 neutrons 4. 35 protons; 35 electrons; 45 neutrons 1 The mass of neutrons and electrons are about the same. 2. The mass of a hydrogen atom is abo ut the same as a proton. 5. 45 protons; 35 electrons; 35 neutrons 6. 45 protons; 45 electrons; 35 neutrons 7. 35 protons; 45 electrons; 35 neutrons 3.The mass of protons and neutrons are 4. The mass of a proton is much greater than the mass of an electron. 015 10. 0 points How many protons are present in one V+ ion? 8. 35 protons; 35 electrons; 35 neutrons 018 10. 0 points Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the the isotope sodium-23. 1. 11 protons; 12 electrons; 12 neutrons 12 protons.

The ethical way forward for procurement of organs Essay

The ethical way forward for procurement of organs - Essay Example This dissertation attempts to evaluate the current practice in organ donation and evaluate the relevance of ethical and legal issues relating to it in the modern world. It will also contain an analysis of what procedure should be followed in the future for the procurement and transplantation of organs and tissues. The study will lay specific emphasis on: a) Issue of presuming consent for organ donation. b) Ethical and legal issues about the procurement of organs. c) Xenotransplantation. d) procurement of organs from other species e) Commoditization of organs Organ procurement is a significant practice in the medical industry since it profoundly aids in saving lives of people who have defects in the organs that are vital for their survival. It is a good thing to save lives of people whenever means are available to save life of the people with organ donation. Without adequate possibility of procurement of organs, these people would be disadvantaged. Therefore, procurement is extremely important for the welfare of humankind. However, in the present day, concerns regarding the whole system of organ procurement have arisen, bringing into light various ethical and legal issues relating to it. ... ground: According to the Medical Conditions Dictionary (2010), organ procurement is a set of procedures that includes the administrative, authoritative and ethical processes observed in the acquisition of organs for transplant via affiliations, systems or programmes. The organ procurement procedure refers to obtaining consent from the donors or their family and close relatives and the transportation of the organs harvested from the donor to the respective health centres for further medical processing and eventual transplant into the recipient. Organ procurement began as a basic endeavour when affiliations that specialized in kidney transplantation obtained organs and used them to save lives in the same facility. As the demand for organs grew and the transplantation of other organs, such as the heart, small intestines, pancreas, liver and lungs, became successful in practice, the need to develop enhanced and ethical organ procurement, distribution and sharing agreements became crucial (Mancini et al. 2010). Because of the high demand for organs for transplant in current times, numerous organizations, through the efforts of physicians, scholars and medical personnel, have started attempting to counteract the acute shortage to avoid deaths. The ever-increasing shortage of organs requires society to decide on specific yielding policies on procurement. In many countries, like the US, procurement of organs requires the explicit consent of the donor prior to his or her death. This policy is known as an opting-in system or expressed consent. In accordance with this policy, if an individual aspires to donate his organs after death, he should express this consent by signing a donor card. Explicit consent is always considered as the informed consent of prospective donors. This

Characteristics of Democracies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Characteristics of Democracies - Essay Example Racism is still prevalent in America, minority rights should be worked upon by the government and people who are in minorities should be given respect and treated equally. Medicaid policies are really important, theses are as important as the minority rights. The American government is spending excessively on the Medicaid policies. The Illegal immigrants also get the benefits of these Medicaid policies, the American government must ensure that no illegal immigration takes place. People from Mexico sneak in through the border and these illegal immigrants cause a lot of problems for the American government, they gets jobs whereas the Americans remain jobless and the unemployment rate goes further up. â€Å"Illegal Immigration must be stopped and reversed† (Illegal Immigration) To conclude it is very fair to say that these two important policies must be worked upon by the American

Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Paragraph - Essay Example Money is not easy to make because earning it is coupled (Verb) with highly productive hands. Furthermore, it is not only enough to analyze (Verb) situations in the event of making money, but it is aid (Verb) with doing the right thing. A person‘s ability to make money is enhanced (Verb) with his or her ability to eventually (Adverb) accompany (Verb) right ideas with actions. It is easy to detect (Verb) why it is hard to save money at some point. To eliminate (Verb) unnecessary spending is a good way to start saving money. In doing this, a normal (Adjective) budget plan is most likely to be followed which would minimize (Verb) the attributes (Noun) of wrong presumptions (Noun) about spending. It is an ideology (Noun) that having the right education increases an individual’s capacity (Noun) to obtain maximum (Adjective) advantage in the future. The clarity (Noun) of this is rooted within our experiences from the past which we need to consult (Verb) so as we could submit (Verb) our own stand on

Reaction paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reaction paper - Assignment Example However, Frances comes to the conclusion that this translates into Michael wanting to leave her, either now, or later on. In the end, forcing him to say that he is not sure whether he will always stay with her always and not willing to discuss it further, Frances gets up to call their friends to go out with them to the country. Pam Houston’s How to Talk to a Hunter is about a woman who falls in love with a man who is not the monogamous kind. Written in a way that makes one feel a part of the narrative, Houston relates how the woman feels insecure in the relationship while trying to find deeper meanings in the words of her lover, the hunter. He is a man who lives alone and who has many excuses not to commit or be monogamous, as Houston puts it. The woman confers with her best friends, male and female, both of them giving her conflicting advice as to how to go about her relationship. Interestingly enough, she ignores their advice and tries to get the man to commit to her. Till the end, it is not clear whether she is successful in her attempts or not, however, this much is clear that she is in love with a man who is involved with other women simultaneously and who, perhaps, does love her in his own

Environmental Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental Analysis - Essay Example Marketing is the concluding approach used to endorse the selling strategy for products such as the iPhone 4s. Marketing has then been cleverly practiced at the company to encourage its business. With this understanding, this paper critically examines Apple Inc. and the application of PESTEL analysis. Introduction In any given business organization, management is something which should be done in the right manner possible, and this should be able to integrate all elements of management and functions as well. This becomes a defining application which has the capability of improving performance and ensuring that business goals have been realized within the shortest time possible. For instance, within any strategies of management, it should be appropriate to adopt a number of practices, theories and organizational adoptions which have the capability of improving performance of business organization. In this study, it would be necessary to understand the issue of leader and management and how they can be viewed and adopted towards ensuring that the greatest gains have been realized in the business organization. Different organizations have been able to come into terms with such approaches, and hence they have been in a position of realizing the greatest gains within their business operations. ... 38). This kind of leadership and organizational responsibility has been something very significant for the business, and as well has been able to bring a new wave of promotional engagement which has been seeing an improvement in the business engagement thus leading to the realization of business goals. Basically, Apple Corporation has been able to improve its business engagements, and hence becoming one of the best performing businesses in the economy of the country. There has also been an effective modality in decision making which has been vital towards the realization of business goals. Management and leadership ideologies have been adopted in the best manner thus leading to the realization of goals within the business (Wharam, 2009). In that sense, it should be worth noting that the best of gains in any business shall be only be in line with the kind of engagement of management and leadership which have been adopted in the business (Gill, 2006). It would thus be very appropriate to study the kind of engagements which have been adopted in this business and see how it has been able to become a perfect performer in the business. Management and Leadership: Apple Corporation At Apple, there has been the need of ensuring that all business engagements have been appropriately led and managed towards the realization of the best business goals. In that sense, it should be necessary to apply all management functions as this has the capability of ensuring that the best of gains have been realized in the operations of the business. However, there should be the need of understanding that there are a number of differences between management and leadership (Rost, 2004). In management, this is a wide conceptual

Personal Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Theory - Essay Example , 1986, 115-31) Feminist theory takes the position that the portrayal of the damsel in distress has a profound view on the self-perception as children tend to emulate the characteristics of their favorite characters in children’s literature and attempt to subscribe to their respective character traits. (Zipes, 1989, 185-200) Feminist theory takes the position that the damsel in distress portrays a view of human nature that perpetuates an entirely sexist view of human nature.(Kramer and Moore, 2001) The underlying message is that the female in distress does not have the ability to cope on her own and is dependent upon a males assistance for relief. The view of human nature in this distinction between female and male characterization is exemplified in Cinderella where the damsel in distress is rescued by a Prince Charming who holds out the promise of marriage, status, wealth and happiness. The heroine is helpless and powerless and cannot find redemption without male interference. Sleeping Beauty and Snow White are similar in their respective approaches to this view of human nature in that the heroine is passive and dependant upon the strong, rich and powerful male for redemptive value. Beauty and The Beast puts forward the strong male/weak female view of human nature in a different way. In this fairy tale, the male is aggressive, cruel and punishing and is eventually tamed by the self-sacrificing, beautiful female victim. The female heroine eventually comes to the realization that the male’s cruelty and aggression were all facades for his underlying love for the female and his actual cruel and violent outbursts were merely manifestations of his love for her. (Coward, 1984, 189) Girls who read these Fairy Tales obviously form a distorted view of their perceptions of the female’s role in society. Feminist theory advocates that girls tend to idealize these feminine traits and strive to emulate them. The role of the councilor is to help women who have

Exam 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam 2 - Assignment Example The transactions of Canada in these first two quarters of the financial year in terms of capital account, current accounts and financial accounts did not balance but showed some shift in a negative manner to -16263 dollars. In the third quarter the balance of payments further increased to -17298 dollars while in the final quarter there was a noticeable change in positive manner to -14762 dollars. In the financial year 2013 the first quarter witnessed a steady positive change in its balance of payment to -14552 dollars. There was however a negative shift further in the second quarter to -14861 dollars. The third quarter of this financial year further witnessed a shift to the positive of its balance of payments to -14250 dollars. During the final financial quarter, the liabilities outweighed the assets to a further negative change up to -15251dollars. However, these changes were due to several contributing factors that kept changing towards either direction of economic shift. These cha nges occurred due to changes in current accounts, financial accounts and capital accounts. As evident in this statistics, the economic power of Canada lies majorly on imports than exports. This is the contributing factor in this negative balance of payments. The balance on goods, imports and exports improved but more on the negative with transactions with international business community shifting to the negatives and showing that the business was more on the inside than outside. However Canada can improve its BOP by improving its manufacturing industry and also promoting innovation and agriculture. This is because they form the major part of raw materials and ideas thus improving exports and lowering imports. Financial risk management must be undertaken in order to have the economy of a nation moving in a positive direction (Pestieau 2012). Failure to do this would lead to exposure to either credit or market risks. Analyzing

Some Useful Recommendations in the law Commission's report 'Public Essay

Some Useful Recommendations in the law Commission's report 'Public Service Ombudsmen' - Essay Example It recommended that statutory provisions that warrant complaints to be made to ombudsmen in writing have to be repealed. Secondly, section 5(2) of the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 should be repealed. This is the section that directs that Ombudsmen should not carry out investigations on matters that can be the subject to judicial review proceedings or appeal unless the ombudsmen are satisfied that in the particular situation, it is not reasonable to expect the complainant to follow up the matter in such ways. The commission recommended that this section of the law be replaced with a discretion to investigate except where the matter is considered inappropriate. The third recommendation was that the Administrative Court should have an authority to stay in action before the matter to allow for an investigation or disposition of the matter by the public services ombudsman. Fourthly, a reaped should also be made on the ‘MP filter’ which similarly applies to the Parliame ntary Ombudsman. The public services ombudsmen should be able to complain either via an MP or directly. Fifthly, â€Å"a specific power to make a reference to the Administrative Court asking a question on a point of law† should be given to the Ombudsmen1. ... Finally, there needs to be a fundamental review of the current public services ombudsmen as well as the ombudsman's position in the landscape for administrative justice. An analysis of these recommendations shows that they are useful in enhancing the ability of the public services ombudsman to seek and deliver justice to the public in case of any complaints of injustice. However, the commission did not adequately focus on the role of the Ombudsman in regard to judicial review. Evidently, it dwelt much on the law and courts but failed to understand 'ombudsmary'. This inadequacy is highly evidenced by the case Bradley v Secretary of state for work and pensions [2008]. On 15th march, 2006, the public services ombudsman published a report entitled â€Å"Trusting in the pensions promise: government bodies and the security of final salary occupational pensions (HC 984)†. In this report, the public services ombudsman addressed the circumstances under which salary schemes were wound u p and it also revealed the role of the government on this scandal2. The ombudsman revealed that the department of work and pensions (DWP) had published leaflets encouraging the public to stick to company pension schemes but this information was incomplete and misleading. It failed to warn the public that their pensions were at risk if the pension schemes of their companies wound up. The ombudsman therefore concluded that there was a maladministration and the Actions of the DWP lead to injustice to the public. The findings of the ombudsman's report were rejected by the State's secretary for Work and Pensions. However, through a judicial review of this rejection, the actions of the state secretary for WP was

Analysis of the Story Doctor in the House Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Story Doctor in the House Essay The story to be analyzed is entitled â€Å"Doctor in the house† written by Richard Gordon. He also wrote several novels and screenplays dealing with practice of medicine. The extract is about passing oral and written exams on medicine. The author describes the way how the main character passed his examinations. He considered it to be death. A lot of images can be found in the text. They create atmosphere of a contest, a court, musical playing. The author emphasizes the inevitability of meeting Secretary to hear the sentence In 1952, he left medical practice and took up writing full time. He has an uncredited role as an anesthesiologist in the movie Doctor in the House. The early Doctor novels, set in the fictitious St Swithins, a teaching hospital in London, were initially witty and apparently autobiographical; later books included more sexual innuendo and farce. The novels were very successful in Britain in Penguin paperback during the 1960s and 1970s. Richard Gordon also contributed to Punch magazine and has published books on medicine, gardening, fishing and cricket. The film adaptation of Doctor in the House was released in 1954, two years after the book, while Doctor at Sea came out the following year with Brigitte Bardot. Dirk Bogarde starred as Dr. Simon Sparrow in both. The later spin-off TV series were often written by well-known British comic performers. Doctor in the House begins with the lead protagonist getting into a fictional medical college in London, St. Swithins. He collects a handful of faithful friends, including Grimsdyke, whose main aim to remain an eternal student as his aunt has left a large legacy in his name, for the duration of his course (as the funds will cease once he qualifies, he prefers to fail every examination). The book goes through the trials and tribulations of their college lives-sports, studies, spats with teachers and love affairs. Snippets like using a human skull as an ash-tray and trying to weasel out of tight situations in examinations will strike a chord not only in every doctor and medical student, but also in anyone who has ever attempted an examination! In one of my favourite incidents, Simon (the hero) is asked to check a patient’s eyes with an ophthalmoscope. He says ’’I always intended to find out how this thing worked, but never got around to doing it’’ Further, on checking the patient’s eyes, his comment was that ’’it looked like fishes swimming in an aquarium full of murky water.’’ Luckily for him, he was able to wriggle out of the situation by a simple trick, and eventually passed the examination! The book is full of incidents like that, and will keep you laughing page after page. When I finished the book, I felt a vague disappointment that it was over so soon! There is a little flirting, but nothing that even an adolescent reader’s mother would censor. Hindi films are a lot worse!! So if you havent been exposed to Richard Gordon yet, this is a good time to start. This is the original book in the Doctor in the House series and deals with his medical training. The Doctor books were written as memoirs, a fiction continued by the author and main characters name being the same. In reality, Dr. Richard Gordon Dr. Gordon Ostlere, a highly-qualified surgeon and anaethetist and contemporary of my uncle who was a reknowned anaethestist himself but I didnt know that at the time. Humourous stories of young doctors at medical school. A series of films were based on the Doctor books, and a television series as well. This one was first published in 1952. Product Description Richard Gordons acceptance into St Swithans medical school came as no surprise to anyone, least of all him after all, he had been to public school, played first XV rugby, and his father was, lets face it, a St Swithans man. Surely he was set for life. It was rather a shock then to discover that, once there, he would actually have to work, and quite hard. Fortunately for Richard Gordon, life proved not to be all dissection and textbooks after allThis hilarious hospital comedy is perfect reading for anyone whos ever wondered exactly what medical students get up to in their training. Just dont read it on your way to the doctors! About the Author Richard Gordon is best-known for his hilarious Doctor books and the long-running television series they inspired. Himself a qualified doctor, he worked as an anaesthetist, ships surgeon and then as assistant editor of the British Medical Journal before leaving medical practice in 1952 to take up writing full time. Many of his books are based on these experiences in the medical profession and are all told with the rye wit and candid humour that have become his hallmark.

Training And Development In Oil Companies Management Essay

Training And Development In Oil Companies Management Essay The results obtained from the surveyed oil and gas companies provide a rich source of qualitative data and insights into the companies perspectives on training and development. This chapter contains recommendations of the TD systems components, determinants and successful training development approaches as they may apply to firms () in the Yemen oil industry. This chapter also presents the conclusions review and concludes with suggested recommendations for future research. Conclusion Implication: In conclusion, it appears that oil gas companies, as represented by Yemen, are found to be committed to training developing their workforces. They are more or less implementing the training development process along with modern TD theory and practice. They have sufficient budgets allocated for their training development activates and many are in the process of reassessing and systematically improving their approaches to advanced and long term skill and competency development. The great majority of companies recognizes that the skill levels of their employees are fundamental to the success of the business, and that they need to invest and develop these skills in the same way that they maintained improve their infrastructure. While most companies are aware of the training development functions and processes, they arent much familiar with many of the specific components details and structure of what constitutes a training development system. Although the companies aim to have a well-trained staff and are, in general terms, aware of the functions and process stages of training development, they dont attach great importance to systematic training and development structures and they arent aware of the specific components of the TD system framework. For example, the organizational determinants that impact training development activities, such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are never considered. Although most of the TD process stages are followed two phases of the TD process are highly deficient, namely, the training needs assessment and program evaluation phases. Ad hoc needs assessments and evaluation practices may have served in the past but the new economic and social realities of Yemen, make these practices vulnerable. The researcher believes that this is partially due to the fact that the training focus has more or less linearly followed the short term planning of the the day-to-day needs and operations of the businesses, and that it served the direct needs only to ensure that the Oil Gas companies would remain sustainable in the Oil Gas industry. In fact, the training has so far been mainly reactive, where existing employees were trained as identified specific needs arise. Not having clear TD objectives, nor defining or stating specifically the required outcomes has caused some frustrations among the Human Resources or Training Specialists in the oil companies. In some cases their objectives were to only demonstrate to the Ministry of Oil that they are spending significant amounts of money in training and developing their Yemeni workforce. In spite of this, most companies claim that the currently applied TD systems are satisfactory. I believe this satisfaction is mainly due to the sufficient amounts of TD budgets they are currently spending and to the fact that they have an expatriate workforce ready to intervene whenever a Yemeni employee isnt performing as per required standards. So, the effectiveness of their TD activities isnt really a major problem till so far. Companies often consider training as a stand alone process with no ties or links to the major features of their business strategy nor to other parts of the total training development system, such as the surrounding environment of its different components, methods selection procedures (?), or the various burdens affecting employee training. Linking employee Training Development activities with other activities (e.g. career pathing, performance appraisal and reward systems and management by objectives) would put training in a perspective and give the trainee an incentive to learn and apply learned norms. While there is evidence that a considerable amount of existing employee Training Development is undertaken by the Oil Gas companies and their commitment to the continuous training development of their staff at all levels of the workplace (Sentence is not clear). The companies approach to the continuous training development of their existing workforce is unsystematic and dependent on the initiation and enthusiasm of employees and on the government requirements. Training opportunities, both formal and less formal, are open to all staff, but the company does not put pressure on employees to engage in training and development. When companies dont have TD qualified specialists as found by at least two companies, they (= higher management?) rely on the personality, and existing skills and knowledge of its workforce to address these issues. Due to the absence of awareness for restructuring their TD activities in a systematic manner, it is expected that long term development and career plans may not be possible in the Oil Gas companies.. Short-term plans (1-3 years), however that focus on the next promotion may be possible (Muna, 1987). This research has led the researcher to conclude that the Yemen Oil Gas sector is not fully aware of the importance of having a systematic training development system. However, external (Yeminization) and internal (call for promotions) pressure forces the companies to reassess the present practice and to introduce TD systems to link the modern and complex Oil Gas infrastructure with a highly qualified workforce. The potential is there. Recommendations The findings of this study shed light on the training development structures and practices in the oil gas industry in Yemen; and the issues raised in this research may be of value to practitioners in other industries and multinational companies operating in Yemen. On the basis of the result findings and conclusions of this research the following recommendations are made. General company recommendations The findings regarding the considerable amount of existing employee Training Development suggest a growing commitment to employee training in the Yemen oil industry. However, the deficient in not considering the organizational factors that impact the effectiveness of the TD activities needs to be reconsidered. Similarly, TD needs assessment and evaluation systems need to be remedied. It is important that a link is made between the application of systematic TD approaches with proper selection criteria and the required TD outcomes including effective Yemenization. Only through effectively and continuously developing and training their employees are the companies in the Oil industry able to acquire the core competencies needed to sustain their operations and to be flexible or ready to cope with changes. Training Development that is built around action rather than theory and characterized by encouraging a work habit of reflection and learning and self-development is what companies in the Oil Gas industry in Yemen in particular and in all industries in general should be looking at. It is suggested that systematic thinking should guide the planning, analysis, implementation and follow-up of employee development efforts in these companies. Perhaps the clearest messages from this study is with serious effort on their part these companies may be able to define the TD (input output) determinants that have most impacts on the outputs they value most. The cooperation between HR or training departments and all units in the company will enhance the training efficiency in planning and developing employee TD programs. HR, training and all units in the respective companies can work together to find out more about why each one approaches rules the way they do, and work out some compromises. People in various departments should understand what is really required and HR and training should also translate needs in training programmes and figure out how legitimate exceptions can be made to make things work for companys business. The research findings suggest that department managers who are not aligned with HR and training often fail to communicate or implement critical policies that help improve employee engagement. Without cooperation between HR and the various units in the company, both spend too much energy putting out fires, like recruiting new people because the good people leave the company. When HR and other departments leaders work together effectively, the results often include: Clear business roles that ensure the right people are doing the right jobs Performance management processes that relate the core competencies of each departments roles and enable ongoing development of employees Incentive plans that pay for performance and align with business strategy. Previous research (Schimel, 1979) has emphasized the importance of dual roles to be played simultaneously by management of companies and the government, namely, passivity and support. The acquiescence of Yemeni nevertheless at the managerial level and their willingness to permit experimentation and failure is a good approach for the success of Yemeni development (Comment: What do you want to say here? Is the management lenient to the support of the Government?). Moreover, the findings suggest increasing the role of the top management and government involvement in setting the training development strategies, objectives, proper budget allocation of what is spent on training which is short-term and more spending on development which ensures continuity of operations once the international oil companies leave Yemen. Company specific recommendations To enhance training and development effectiveness, it is suggested that the following feature be incorporated in the five Oil Gas companies Training Development functions: Supported by key strategies, objectives, systems, structures, policies, and practices: to ensure a true return on companies TD investments, it is suggested that Training Development in the five companies are aligned with and directly supported by key areas such as organizational structures, lines of authority, decision making, values, planning, budgeting, career development, performance management, rewards and recognition, staffing, recruiting, and succession planning. Specifically, the TD strategies in all five companies should be aimed at knowledge retention and transfer to the workplace, enabling employees to be more effective and to acquire more skills. In addition, there should be explicit alignment between programs, learning objectives, and business objectives. These direct links will help to both set boundaries and reinforce desired results. Best companies now realize that many Training and Development initiatives take years to fully achieve their goals. Consequently, the las t suggestion in this point would be that companies identify these timeframes up front, where possible, and the TD programs evaluated at those points. Companies must seek mutual benefit that is reflected, on the one hand through the employee in the development of his career and achieving personal goals, and , on the other hand, through the leader of these companies in achieving the set of business goals and a more effective management of his subordinate employees. In this way, appropriate staff will be trained and able to contribute to the success of the company. Driven through many Methods and Approaches: companies are encouraged to further investigate and utilize multiple modalities such as the classroom, workplace, blended learning, eLearning, technology support tools, however in a systematic manner to ensure that people get the right skills at the right time, in the right way, and at the right cost to succeed. Modalities are suggested to be selected to match specific learning styles, business issues, budgets, and required training development outputs. Employees are usually keen to participate in programs that add to their current and future work effectiveness and that will contribute to their companys success. Therefore, Training Development programs should be relevant to both the company and to the employees work requirements. All selected Oil Gas companies, and in particular (Companies 3 and 4), are encouraged to train their employees through real tasks and/or assignments in their international branches rather than teaching theory, so that after training employees are able to apply what they have learned in their own work. Also training in projects type of work, is suggested, however, because of the value placed on job rotation discussed in the literature review, the Yemeni government should encourage Oil and Gas companies to establish permanent training slots in major departments, ensuring ongoing exposure of Yemeni employees to new tasks and responsibilities, nevertheless at the management level.(Comment: reword sentence) Yemeni employees identified for management positions may be given the opportunity to test his or her skills in a number of different roles (positions?) such as in finance, operations, and exploration, before settling on a full-time management role within the company. Additionally, companies should encourage their employees to identify their own needs, create individual learning plans, and to seek learning opportunities. Relevant software packages that facilitate such employee interaction was only found in company 2 and therefore the other four companies are strongly recommended to use similar TD information systems. (Comments: but should also be given the opportunity to follow the programs as was mentioned in chapter 4) Participative approach in the application of their TD Processes: Training Development is best when conducted by line managers supported by the TD specialists experience and employee feedback. Line managers set performance objectives, and also perform evaluations. Even where the training is designed and delivered by (= for?) a specific function or department, TD programs should respond not only to organizational needs, but also to individual needs as identified through appraisals, counseling meetings, assessments, and career development plans. One of the most important elements of best practice training and development is that it should be easily transferred back to the workplace. The five Companies can achieve this through the timing of the training, the quality of the content, and the quality and appropriateness of the delivery method. Another crucial element to this transferability is the role of line managers (effective management of subordinate employees) in the maintenance of t he new skill or knowledge once training has been completed. All companies should remember that skills and knowledge that are not used constantly will quickly atrophy (= disappear? forgotten?). Consequently, to bring about lasting change in behaviors and habits, all Companies are encouraged to have a continuous learning process. To achieve this, the Companies should ensure that learning occurs before, during, and after scheduled TD events. The process of doing, reflecting, learning, and doing again should never cease. Another way to achieve this transferability is in the 2nd TD process phase, when designing the training materials. Companies could consider the Performance-Based Training Design method which teaches employees job performance that enables them to go back to work and do the job, not just know how to do the job. TD Input, Process and Output elements: It is no longer feasible to address the complex needs and requirements of Training and Development activities in the contemporary organization in a less than comprehensive approach. Today, the five selected Companies are operating in a surrounding organizational environment where several Input, Process Output indicators impact the quality of the organizational Training and Development function. It is suggested (= recommended?) that all of the five companies TD systems are structured based on the TD basic systems framework as used in this research; such that: TD Input consisting of: Clear TD objectives and strategies Participative environment Sufficient budget and resources Strong support from companies management: Management support is empirical to the success of training programs for resources and support, including time, money and motivation. When the companys top management does not take responsibility for TD policy rather imposed by the HR or training department, can lead to potentially spread the gap between training development and organizational requirements. Clear support from government, through establishing laws and regulations that monitor and sets minimum TD activities that are required to be implemented. TD Process: To ensure a successful Training and Development system, Oil Gas companies need to effectively go through the entire Training and Development process, such that there is: Assessment: assessing the needs for training and the area of improvement, setting training objectives, and determining the budget. In addition, keep track of available inventory of skills and competencies that will assist in proper planning of gaps. Involvement: participation of individual, departments, HR and top management should be involved in designing or selection of the training programs, including the training topics, training methods, place, and the trainers. Personalized: using real world issues and ease studies Interactive: employee training programs will involve open dialogue, role-playing and small-group sessions to increase team building and excitement. Evaluation and Control: the shallow reactive mode governing the program evaluation process should be replaced by a comprehensive evaluation system which focuses on the results of training and transference of knowledge to the workplace. This recommendation is consistent with the suggestions of Kirkpatrick (Kirkpatrick, 1979) who stated that the best evaluation system focused on the effects of the application of information and learned concepts on the organization. Establish follow up procedure that properly measures the TD effectiveness, Employee change and satisfaction, etc. TD Output: Have clear training and development outcomes that include: It isnt enough to evaluate what employees have learned rather what learning have they applied on the job: Standard measurement of productivity and profitability: Yemenization: is an important aspect that requires proper planning, measurement and regular monitoring. Correlation between training development determinants: The literature (Al-Khayyat, et al., 1997) shows that for each output indicator there is a unique set of input and process indicators that have significant effects over it. For example, the adequacy of resources allocated for Training and Development have significant effect on all output indicators such as (application of learning, performance improvement, productivity profitability). Similarly, clearly stated long-term policies of HRD have a significant effect on productivity and profitability. The logical inference of this is that companies should clearly identify and focus on the set of (input and process) indicators that are related to the output they value most, or the desired output in a given time. The view of output-related indicators is much differentiated; each has a somewhat unique path to achieve. Finally, Both the literature review for this research and the data analyzed from the surveyed companies informed ( = contributed to?) the development of a comprehensive TD Determinants model that includes: all relevant TD determinant indicators as well as the full TD process cycle. This improved model is depicted in the following figure that gives an overall picture or model that is suggested to be followed: Comprehensiveness of HRD Perspectives Resources Allocation Strategic Planning Long-term HRD Policies, HRD Objectives Senior Management Gov. Support and Involvement invlovement Employee and Customer Satisfaction Learning Application Yemenization. Productivity Profitability Productivity Work output Input Process Output Needs Assessment Implementation Method Selection Evaluation Control TD Process Change TD Environment TD Model Oil Gas Companies One of the particularly admirable features of the industry is the way that, once a person is accepted into the these surveyed companies industry, the educational sector from which the person emerged fades into insignificance as companies take care of developing their own people. Several directions for further research There are several directions for future research to consider, these include: The degree of agreement between the various oil companies needs to be investigated further. The future studies analysis should be at the organizational level (analysing the data for each organization separately) instead of doing it at the aggregate level (all subjects working in different companies together, as was done in this study). The issue of the differences between effective and less effective companies should be explored further. The analysis should be at the organizational level, that is, identify specific effective and less effective companies and then explore the differences between them with respect to input and process indicators. Identify the elements which contribute to successful training in the Oil Gas companies and factors that influence implementation of training and learning in the workplace (Ridoutt et al. 2002). And how do firms measure the success of their training practices Nonetheless, the major determinats uncovered are significant and gave an indication of the broad brush of what impacts training and skill development in the Yemen oil gas industry. It would be beneficial to test these determinants in other industries. Maybe a statement about making further study on ways the Government could speed up the Yemenization process using TD system.

Assessing food globalisation effects in taiwan

Assessing food globalisation effects in taiwan With the fast development of the society and economy, there is no doubt that globalization is coming increasingly popular than ever before since 1980s, whether in international economy or international political affairs, and it will be more popular in the future (Aydin, 2010). Now all kinds of the information can be transformed in a short second with a large amount. Therefore, as a result of globalization, all over the world are linked together and they depend on each other (Skoufiasa, 2010). With the globalization, the world has been developing much faster as well. In this essay, it is to have a short description of the background and the fundamental theories of globalization, after that, a case study, Taiwan Banana industry, will be placed out to analysis the effects of the globalization to the banana industry. Before analyzing the specific effects, there will be a brief introduction of Taiwan Banana industry, including nature, culture and the government role in the banana market, and then the reasons to choose Taiwan Banana industry as a case study will be demonstrated as well. With the globalization, competition in the banana industry is of quite sharp, thus comparison with the Philippine would be taken. Soon afterwards, the strategies for improving the Taiwan Banana industry competition will be further illustrated. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. Description of the theory of globalization Since the 1980s, globalization has been becoming an increasingly new phenomenon in the world, the basic characteristics of our times. However, there is no uniform definition of globalization. From the material form, globalization refers to the cross-border flows of goods and capital, through a transnational and local internationalization and globalization these stages of development (Fratzscher, 2007). Cross-border flows of goods and capital is the first form of globalization. In this process, by a corresponding regional, it arouse international economic management organizations and economic entities, and culture, lifestyle, values, ideologies and other spiritual forces of transnational exchange, collision, conflict and integration (Braslavsky, 2003). Overall, globalization is a core of economic globalization, including the countries and peoples of various regions in the political, cultural, technological, military, security, ideology, lifestyle, values, multi-layered, multi-area int erconnected, the impact of multiple constraints of the concept. Globalization can be summarized as technology, economy, politics, law, management, organizational, cultural, ideological, interpersonal communication, the globalization of international relations in ten areas. And globalization has many advantages and disadvantages. First, globalization allows worldwide capital, technology, products, and markets, resources to be relocated effectively and rationally(Anwar, 2007). Globalization not only prompts in effective international cooperation, but also intensifies the competition among countries. From a country perspective, local companies will exceed their resources and limited domestic market, the global search for the optimal allocation of resources and effective use. Second, globalization provides good opportunities and challenges for developing countries (Manzey, 2009). First, it helps developing countries to use foreign capital and foreign investment. Second, it promotes structural optimization of the exports of developing countries. As the capital inflows, direct investment activities of transnational corporations and domestic industrial restructuring have improved the structure of developing country exports. Third, it forces developed countries to deal with the problems faced by developing countries. Developed countries increasingly recognize that economic globalization, their economic stability and development depend on developing countries (Gomory, 2009). Third, with the globalization, it provides peoples of the world for a good opportunity to select goods and services (Ge, 2009). With the market globalization, international trade logistics will become the main form of peoples of the world according to their own preferences and consumption needs, to choose their products (Farazmand, 2005). Fourth, globalization will promote culture development. Economic globalization will not only affect the global economic structure and order, but also it brings different cultures to varying degrees (Arndt, 2009; Polivka, 2001). Fifth, globalization will promote trade and investment liberalization (Grieben, 2009). Trade and investment liberalization are the products of economic globalization and it is a powerful driving force of globalization. Trade and investment liberalization are accelerating the development of advanced process of economic globalization. Investment liberalization, has become the mainstream of development, in not only developed countries, but a growing number of developing countries actively take investment liberalization measures. On the one hand, a large number of foreign investment, on the other hand actively engaging in overseas investment, so that the world direct investment increased rapidly, investment activities worldwide, the global regulatory framework and rules of investment have begun to form. Sixth, globalization accelerates the process of technology transfer and industrial structure adjustment (Rugman, 2005). Globalization has brought great development of the international division of labor, industry, the big transfer and capital, technology and other production factors of large flows, which make up the domestic capital for developing countries, technology and other elements of the gap. On the contrary, globalization has its negative effects. First, globalization has exacerbated the imbalance in the world economy, so that the wealth gap (Gindlinga, 2010). Globalization has not only brought the impact on the national economy of developing countries, but it also affects the basis of unequal relations. Second, globalization has strengthened the instability of the world economy (Czinkota, 2005). Globalization ties with the world economy more closely, thus, each countrys economic stability will depend not only on their domestic factors, but also, largely, by the tremendous international impact. As international trade continues to expand, other countries, particularly major trading partners economic situation, such as inflation, the financial crisis, and it will affects their own (Knight, 1998). Third, the current global economic rules of operation are not quite reasonable, developed countries benefit more (Zhu, 2004). With the development of economic globalization, the objective needs to be regulated with the rules, constraints, the behavior of participants, while the rule-making is a strength-based. Fouth, globalization can also lead to the destruction of the ecological environment in developing countries (Aggarwal, 2006). For example, the increasing spread of desertification, land erosion, the extinction of plant and animal species, marine and river Road pollution. A brief introduction of Taiwan nature, culture Taiwan is located on the southeast coast of the continental shelf, located between longitude 119 °1803 and 124  °3430à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³, latitude 20 °4525 to 25 °5630à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³. It has a sea area of 36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Island (an area of 35,801 square kilometers), the Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Orchid Island, Lantau Peng Gui, Chiwei. The province is also is divided in 7 cities and 16 counties. Taiwan faces the Pacific, the Northeast neighborhood Ryukyu Islands, about 600 km apart; the southern boundary is the Bashi Channel, and the Philippines, about 300 km apart; west boundary is the Taiwan Strait, Fujian, narrowest point to 130 kilometers. Taiwan, the center channel briefly the Western Pacific, is the Pacific regions major transport hub at sea links. In addition, it is an important part of China. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan). Taiwan has a population of 21.86 million, including Kinmen, Matsupopulation growth rate is about 7.31%. Population is mainly concentrated in the western plains, the eastern population of only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer. Political, economic and cultural center and largest city of Taipeis population density has reached 1 million per square kilometer. The Han nationality accounts for about 98% of the total Taiwan residents, minority 2%, about 38 million people. According to the language and customs of different ethnic minorities of Taiwan into the Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Puyuma, Rukai, Cao, Yami and the other 9 Saisiyat family, separation across the province. And now it has a mixture culture including traditional Chinese culture,Japanese culture, traditional Confucianist beliefs, and increasingly Western values (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan) . The island of Taiwan is mountainous, mountains and hills occupy more than two-thirds of the total area. Taiwans mountains and the islands northeast southwest direction parallel to the vertical Woyu east central island location, the island formed over the eastern mountains, hilly central and western plains of topographical features. Taiwan has warm climate in winter, hot in summer, rainfall, typhoons and heavy rain over the summer and fall. Tropic of Cancer passing through the central island, north to subtropical climate, the south has a tropical climate, the average temperature (except mountains) is 22 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, annual precipitation over 2000 mm. Abundant rainfall creates favorable conditions islands rivers, crops and fruits, particular Taiwan banana (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan). The reason for selecting banana industry Banana is one of Taiwans major economic fruits for export-oriented, and now banana is still the largest export of Taiwan fruit. Compared with other crops, bananas, due to higher yield, extensive management, labor saving, still has a comparative advantage. In short, the banana production in Taiwan for several years shows the phenomenon of growth, decline and stability. So the expansion of Taiwans banana industry has also emerged, and the steady state of contraction. It also has a long history of exporting to other countries. Taking Japan for example, it has been decades of exporting banana to Japan since 1963. Taiwans banana industry developed during the period of Japanese occupation, and Taiwan bananas monopolized the Japanese market until banana importation was liberalized in 1963 (Yoshiyuki, 2006). Taiwan has very good light and heat conditions with the largest banana development, the highest yield, and it is one of the regions with best quality. In addition, Taiwan banana is of go od quality and convenient transportation, because is the Pacific regions major transport hub. So Taiwan banana is chosen as a case study in this essay. The effects of transnational corporations on banana market With the development of economy, the five large transnational corporations monopolize the whole banana market now. It is undeniable that transnational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization. Multinationals global business strategy is an important foundation to speed up the process of economic globalization (Matowe, 2002). The competitiveness of enterprises is the industrial competitiveness as well as an important manifestation of national competitiveness. TNC is the main force of the modern enterprise, and is an important part of the worlds overall national strength and competitiveness of countries. Multinational firms international investment accelerates the process of economic globalization. International investment is the international economic and technological cooperation (Cerny,1994). With the accelerated development of the world economy, multinational corporations have become the main carrier of international investment. Multinational internation al investment is showed in the global expansion of finance capital, monopolizing in the world market. Therefore, the five large transnational corporations have great impact on the global banana market and the main producing countries, Taiwan included, although banana is an exporting industry with a long history. For example, transnational corporation will affect government policy (Roberts, 2005). On the other hand, to large multinational companies, they have the finance strength to repel their rivals out of the market. Because of the market operation in many countries at the same time, they would use lower prices exclude local competitors. With incomplete information, they often have local aggressive behavior to establish their credibility, or potential competition to the world market for the issuing of false signals, to reduce the overall competition (Globalization and global change research 2004, p. 280). In all, they benefit more for themselves. Whats more, Philippine now is beco ming the fourth largest exporter that it might put great affect on the Taiwan banana. If the situation continues, the large transnational corporation will operate in Taiwan, thus the Taiwan banana industries should find a way out. The strategy to compete with Philippine In recent years, many problems appear in the banana industry. First, the quality of banana changes because of the bad weather like typhoon, many banana trees are destroyed by typhoon, but the remaining trees are also seriously hurt. In addition, diseases are wide spreaded as well, so that the quality is reduced. According to the news, because of the low quality of banana, Japan almost refuses a large number of the bananas every year. On the other hand, the big rival-Philippine, is developing fast in the recent years. Now the Philippine is the world fourth largest banana country. Whats more, Philippine has low price bananas and now it holds almost seven tenths of the Japan banana market. Therefore, it is a real rival to Taiwan banana industry. However, since the Taiwan has become a member of WTO, changes will take place to compete with the low price Philippine banana if effective measures are taken. First and for the most, the quality of the Taiwan bananas should be improved. In order to reduce the disease attack, new and anti-disease species would be cultivated. Then putting more emphasis on the producing technology, producing technology is of important in banana producing, such as keeping fresh. Now people pay more attention to health food than ever before that Green food is every popular. Therefore, if after years of hard working, Taiwan banana is much healthier than other counties, it will have a larger market again. However, so as to realize the goal, much money should input to research. Government departments should be targeted to organize the implementation of major research projects! These projects should be borne by research institutions and integrated production enterprises. Second, improve the banana farmers positive. As a result of the bad performance of Taiwan banana exporting market, the farmers positives been seriously hurt. Therefore, in order to improve the banana farmers positive, the government should stabilize banana prices, and then improve the banana prices step by step and more privilege would be enacted to give more profits to the banana farmers. Third, the government should have a clear understanding of its responsibility in the modem society, especially as a member of WTO. In personal, compared with Taiwan nature and culture characters, the role of government is of much more importance. Further more, governments a particular policy will promote, draw back, or stabilize the banana market, especially after Taiwan entered into WTO. With globalization, the governments main responsibilities are following. First, the government plays a critical role in the development of economy (Moshirian, 2008). Government should use the various legal, economic and other macro-control means to maintain the economic order and the sustainable and healthy economic development. In this aspect, the focus of government economic policy is to create the state-efficient market environment, especially a good investment environment to attract capital, technology and professionals to improve the countrys competitiveness. As the global economy and national development strategies important changes take place under the new situation, governments, especially governments of developing countries should transform its role in enhancing economic competitiveness imperative way. On the one hand, trade and investment liberalization require developing countries to adopt effective policies to ensure fair competition; on the other hand, cross-border movem ent substantially eliminates barriers for developing countries to use global resources to develop its economy. More and more governments realize that creating and maintaining an efficient market is more important than industrial policy. The government plays the role in basically allocation of resources to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, enhancing its economic competitiveness. Government can not intervene the market excessively to avoid distortion and damage the market mechanism. Second, the government also plays a great role in governing the society. In the era of economic globalization, with the internationalization of social life, domestic content and manner of administration will inevitably encounter problems of internationalization (Aguayo-Tà ©lleza, 2010). Such as the emergence of transnational corporations, the increasing number of international organizations and transnational institutions, enhancing mobility, all that requires government to develop administrat ion function, as immigration authorities, foreign tax administration, international liaison and cooperation agencies, etc., to deal with economic globalization. Conclusion Since 1980, globalization, which means the cross-border flows of goods and capital, through a transnational and local internationalization and globalization these stages of development, has been quite popular, and contain many advantages as following. Globalization allows many resources, including world capital, technology, products, etc., to be relocated effectively. However, the developing countries are faced both good opportunities and challenges before globalization, mainly because it can both help the developing counties to develop structural optimization of the exports and handle with the problems brought by the globalization. To the consumers, they have more opportunities to select goods and services and it promotes culture communication. In addition, globalization still brings trade and investment liberalization as well. On the other hand, many problems appear with globalization. Globalization has exacerbated the imbalance in the world economy and the gap between the wealth a nd poor. It also has strengthened the instability of the world economy. To developed countries, through the globalization, they benefit more than the developing countries and they might destroy ecological environment in developing countries. Taiwan, which has good nature and culture characters, is fit for grow banana. Now it is the largest export of Taiwan fruit. In addition, Taiwan also has a long history of exporting banana with high yield that why the Taiwan banana is chose as a case study in this essay. However, Taiwan banana also face challenges, such as the quality declining, the growing competitor like Philippine. However, since the Taiwan has become a member of WTO, the situation will change if effective measures are taken. First, the banana quality should be improved. New anti-disease species with good quality banana should be cultivated. Second, the government should encourage the banana farmers positive through effective measures, such as improving the banana price and more privileges. With the globalization, the government plays a key role and the government should have a clear understanding of its responsibility in the modem society, especially as a member of WTO. The government plays a critical role in the development of economy and the government should create and maintain sustainable and healthy economic development. Government is of importance in governing the society. Creating and maintaining an efficient market is more important than industrial policy to the government. In all, with the efforts of all the Taiwan people and Taiwan government, Taiwan will have a bright and sustainable banana market.

Chariots of Fire :: essays research papers

Chariots of Fire Assignment 1. In the movie, Chariots of Fire, Eric Liddell most strongly observed the 3rd commandment of not playing sport on the Sabbath, as the Sabbath is seen as a day of rest. This was seen on the Sunday of the Olympics when he refused to race. The second commandment Eric Liddell most strongly observed was the †¦ 2. The Sabbath is designed as a day of rest after working for six days, no work including sport is to be performed on this day. When God created the earth, he set aside the seventh day as a day of rest after all the hard work he had done. 3. Eric Liddell did not compete in his heat at the Olympics on the Sunday which led up to the major running event because he placed God before his sport and God’s rule was that the Sabbath was to be a day of rest. 4. Harold Abraham is a Jewish man who valued his athletics a lot more than his Jewish religion. On the other hand, Eric Liddell was the complete opposite and was a strong Christian and valued this more than his athletics. The sacrifice Eric made for Christianity was very big for him as he had to miss a vital heat. Harold on the other hand was much more focused on running than anything else in his life. He put the activity of running first even before those that he loved including his wife and his Jewish religion. Harold became depressed whenever he lost a race and took running to a serious level where he almost did not even consider religion part of his life. Even though Harold seemed to work harder throughout the film to become a better runner Eric seemed to be the victor in every encounter the two had, this could have been because of God’s blessing to Eric for following in Christianity more than Harold. 4. This movie reflects on the pictures in the ‘Two Ways We Choose To Live’ because Eric Liddell chose to put Christianity before anything else including running which was one of his passions, this is an example of what God wants us to do.

Language: Origins Of Hate :: essays research papers

Language: Origins of Hate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The horrors of mass murder can be made bearable if the intended victim is made to appear an object that deserves extermination.† As the main thesis of this essay clearly and straight-forwardly sedgiest, the author plans to probe the tools of mass destruction. More particularly, Friedmann hopes to explore the annihilation of his own people, the Jews. Opposed to popular belief, the gas chambers and concentration camps played a relatively minor role in mass destruction, the Nazis used â€Å"propagandists,† they â€Å"resorted to terminology that had been utilized earlier to render Jews subhuman.† More directly, the Nazis employed language. Through language they convinced themselves and each other that â€Å"Jews are a lower species of life† thereby justifying their demise. Friedman argues that we as a society must be conscious of such verbal derangement and seize to advocate and support still remaining demeaning clichà ©s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is easy to point the finger of blame at a particular group of people residing at a particular nation, but that would be grossly incorrect and pointless. The truth of the matter is, â€Å"the Nazis resorted to terminology that had been utilized much earlier to render Jews subhuman.† Friedman brings up the name of Martin Luther, history’s character that is usually viewed as a hero. The man who posted the 95 thesis on a church door and triggered the reformation of the corrupt institution of Christianity, is describing a race o people as â€Å"a plague and a pestilence.† So the Nazis actions may have been to a higher degree, but were never original.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interestingly enough, an uncanny parallel is drawn. Germans contracted bio-chemical plats specializing in insecticides to produce Zyklon B, a potent gas that was used to kill Jewish prisoners in high numbers. Zyklon B is essentially a potent can of â€Å"Raid.† First they labeled these people â€Å"vermin,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"lice† and â€Å"bacilli,† and then appropriately â€Å"fumigated them dead.† After all â€Å"is not extermination the deserved fate of all vermin?† Ironically, the Nazis discussed these gas chambers as showers, places that sedgiest cleanliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedman goes on to e..plain that from ancient times, Jew as a word has meant â€Å"praised,† and it is a name of the greatest of the twelve tribes of Israel. Never mind the people themselves for a minute, the name itself has a rich history. Today however, the same word, consisting of the same letters comprised in the same order, had taken up a different, more degrading meanings, in our vocabulary.

Construction resources Essay

Construction resources make use of physics in many of their products. Two that I have picked are solar collectors and their use of insutation. Insulators have the purpose of preventing conduction, convection and radiation to unwanted areas. There are a wide range of techniques and materials used in doing this and I am going to look in depth at this idea. The company uses solar collectors in many different ways, their main purpose is to collect solar energy and heat energy. They can be used to heat and power many different appliances. Photovoltaic cells: Photovoltaic cells transfer the energy carried by the electromagnetic waves that make up sunlight directly to an electrical circuit in order to make a current flow. Light excites electrons to move from one layer to another through semi conductive silicon materials. Only a fraction of a volt is produced so a large array is needed to produce appreciable currents, usually about 20W to 100W. The Photovoltaic cells produce DC current so if alternate current AC is desired then an inverter is required. AC form is commonly available from the mains. Solar cells: Sunlight may also be used to heat water directly. This can be done in two ways, water can be circulated through pipes which run through the back of the solar cells, producing water at around 60oC suitable for household use. The other method is to focus sunlight from a large are to a small spot using an array of mirrors, this can produce temperatures of up to 4000oC and it’s quite feasible to produce power stations from this, however it has not been implemented yet. Here is on way in which the hot water can be used, this is quite economical and environmentally friendly. Solar panels are quite versatile and can be put on many roofs of simply in the garden, which makes them popular when it comes to heating swimming pools of hot water for showers. Any material that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity can be used as an insulator. Thermal insulating materials reduce the flow of heat between hot and cold regions. Thermal insulation may have to fulfill one or more of three functions: to reduce thermal conduction in the material, in which heat is transferred by electrons; to reduce thermal convection currents, which can be set up in air- or liquid-filled spaces; and to reduce radiation heat transfer, in which thermal energy is transported by electromagnetic waves. These are three ways in which heat energy can be transferred. Conduction, where heat energy is transferred through solid materials, metals are normally the best conductors. There are a number of factors that affect thermal conductivity. Increasing the area of the cross-section of the solid through which hear flows increases the rate of flow, however increasing the thickness of the wall decreases the flow of heat. Provided that a steady state has been reached (where the temperature of any point is not changing through time) then the rate of flow of heat ? Q/? t is given by: ?Q/? t –> A ? T/? x Besides the physical dimensions of the materials, another factor affecting rate of flow is the properties of the material, the Thermal Conductivity of the materials ? through which the heat energy is travelling is the constant of proportionality in this relationship, so:?Q/? t = -? A ? T/? x The units for thermal conductivity are watts per metre per kelvin. The Quantity ? Q/? t is called the temperature gradient. On my visit to Construction resources I noticed that they have used these Physical conclusions in there insulation. One in particular is ‘Homatherm’ a wall and roof insulator. The slabs are thick which means less flow of heat, and have a thermal conductivity is only 0. 04 W/mK. Conduction in terms of particles: The particles in metals and non-metals are arranged differently, which gives them their different characteristics. In a non-metal the particles have forces between them that can be described like springs. When heat is delivered to the solid the oscillations of the particles being heated will increase in amplitude. For heat to be conducted the neighboring particles must also receive the extra energy, as particles oscillations increase in frequency the neighboring particles also gradually increase in frequency as heat is transferred to them. This is a very slow process. In a metal the arrangement is different, metallic boding occurs between metal atoms where a ‘sea of delocalized’ electrons hold the positive metal ions together in a lattice. It is these free electrons that are responsible for the high conductivity character of metals. When a metal is heated the metals ions vibrate with an increase frequency. When an electron hits these ions with extra energy, they receive this extra energy and move faster. This electron can then travel to another parts of the lattice, to an ion that hasn’t received any of this heat energy and collide with it, transferring its energy to this ion. Now that ion has extra energy and vibrates with a greater frequency. This process is a lot faster as there are many electrons in a metal lattice. U-Values: Architects and heating engineers use U-Values to calculate the flow of heat energy through building materials. The U-Values is quoted for a given thickness of a particular material, and is based on actual measurements made using the material. The U-Value is defined as: U-value = Rate of energy flow Area X Temperature difference Construction resources uses this knowledge of U-Values when designing building materials to reduce the energy wasted in the form of heat going out of the build and to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing CO2 emissions. But there are obvious limitations with reducing thermal conductivity, you can only reduce it to a certain amount, 0. 025 in air, so there will always be heat loss. Also too much insulation in the house will lead to what construction resources refers to as internal pollution. This has lead to construction resources researching in trying to lower the energy that is used to build and transport he construction materials. Bibliography: Microsoft Encarta Heinemann Advanced Science Salter’s Horner’s AS Advanced Physics Strengths and Limitations of Photovoltaic cells: Since one photovoltaic cell only produces a small fraction of a volt, large arrays are required to produce appreciable voltages. This requires a lot of space and the cells need to be in a place where no shadows will be cast on them. This limits what they can be used for. Also the amount of power produced by the photovoltaic cells directly depends on the amount of sunlight, so they cannot be relied on to produce power for something that constantly needs it. The only way this can be overcome is if some power was stored for a rainy day. But this again would take up space. Also an array of solar collector will be expensive and have a long ‘pay back’ time. However it is environmentally friendly and after the pay back time, savings can be made. Also photovoltaic cells can be made look attractive depending on where they are placed. Strengths and Limitations of solar cells: The solar cells have similar limitations to the photovoltaic cells in regards to positioning and cost but a small array is only required to produce enough hot water for something like residential showers or central heating. This is economical and environmentally friendly and solar cells are quite versatile.

Ballard Test

The Ballard raise is a scale utilize to foretell the gestational grow of a newborn baby baby. The sieve evaluates the neuromuscular and physical due date of an baby. There argon six diverse atomic number 18as of neuromuscular maturity that atomic number 18 rated. vii different areas of physical maturity are rated base on observation of the infant. gestational age is the measure of time an infant spends growing in the womb ahead birth.Its an important factor to consider because it can be an indicator of any potential problems that the newborn might develop. gestational age can also divulge whether or not it was a muscular pregnancy.Assessing Neurological Features In order to rate the newborns neurological features the infant should be awake, not crying and fraud on her back. You thence score the infants position based on your observation of stark movement of the limbs. The following features are scored based on your observation when you manipulate the limbs publ ic square window, arm recoil, popliteal angle, scarf attribute and heel to ear. Assessing External Features The immaterial features are scored based on your observation of the infant. These external features include skin, lanugo, plantar creases, breast, ear, genitalia.Scoring External and neurological features are rated based on a score of zero to four. When scoring you should unwrap both sides of the infant and half advance can be used. All the stacks are then added up for a final score. The final score is then compared to a table which gives the approximate gestational age. If the final score is within ii weeks of the generates dates, then her dates are take inable. If the dates are over or on a lower floor two weeks of the score then the mothers dates should be deemed incorrect and you should accept the gestational age based on the Ballard score.Besides the Ballard test, you can look for observable clinical signs to help determine whether the infant is condition or pre -term. You should observe such things as sucking ability, flexing of arms and legs, whether or not you can see the veins under the skin, evolution of the nipple and breast bud, descended testes and covered labia minora. The system of weights and head circumference of the infant should also be taken into consideration. Learning Objectives The runner learning physical object is to call the Ballard scales used in assessing the newborn. The second learning accusatory is to define the purposes of the scales. The third learning objective is to explain the importance of the newborns Ballard scores. The fourth learning objective is to describe normal and brachydactylic gestational age relative to the weight of the newborn. Definitions The first comment of the Ballard test is to determine normal and abnormal features of a newborn. The second definition of the Ballard test is to determine normal neurological receptions of a newborn. The third definition of the Ballard test is t o tell apart normal physiological features of a newborn. The fourth definition of the Ballard test is to determine the gestational age of the newborn and the correlation amidst the gestational age and the weight of the newborn. commandment Methodology A prior association of embryology and fetal physiology is helpful. A basic acquaintance of antepartum and intrapartum care is necessary. As considerably as familiarity with maternal screening tests and vernacular maternal complications that may arise. Develop questions to be asked in order to gather entropy and history colligate to pregnancy, labor and delivery. constitute the key elements of the physical assessment of a newborn. talk about how all of these elements in connexion with the Ballard test can determine the gestational age of the newborn. Identify the important indicators of gestational maturity and immaturity. Discuss the effects that gestational age has on a newborn. Discuss the transition of the newborn from the womb into the environment.A breast feeding diagnosis or NANDA Actual diagnosis Ineffective airway clearance relate to decreased energy as manifested by an ineffective cough. risk diagnosis Risk for injury relate to altered mobility and disorientation. manageable diagnosis Possible fluid batch deficit related to frequent emetic for three days as manifested by increased pulse rate. Syndrome diagnosis Rape-trauma syndrome related to anxiety about potential health problems as manifested by anger, genitourinary discomfort, and calm pattern disturbance. Wellness diagnosis possible for enhanced organized infant behavior, related to prematurity and as manifested by response to visual and auditory stimuli. ( (Nanda Nursing Diagnosis) flora Cited Assessing The Gestational Age. 2005. Newborn Care. 14 October 2008 . Hull, J. W. Ballard scale. 1996-2008 . drhull. com. 14 October 2008 . Nanda Nursing Diagnosis. 2007. Right Health. 16 October 2008 .

Study of Theatre’s -isms

The only form of airfield known before realism was love affair so the world was very stir to accept the new, scary kind of plays. in particular considering that the new style was not endlessly perfect and nice, but sometimes perturbing and disappointing. Realism didnt really catch on so only 20 long time later, naturalism was formed. Unfortunately, naturalism did not do so well either. In the 18805-1 9005, symbolism started to appear. This was a very significant blackguard in the life of landing field and is placid very a lot used today. The creators of homeboys believed that realism can only be show indirectly and through symbols.They used some(prenominal) medieval symbols and religious paintings in their plays as well as allegorical signs. around the same time period is when impressionism do its short appearance. This movement was primarily seen in the set designs because it was believed that artist is affected internally through external reality. oftentimes in pla ys today, you will notice a certain painting or pretext in the background of the set that looks haphazard but always has a deeper, more than more interesting reasoning. This all started in the asses with symbolisms and impressionismIn the years 1916-1924 is when theatre started to manufacture more Artsy. This is when dada and surrealism became genres. Both of these think on what was unusual and different to the audience. papa started as a reaction to the initial World War. The word dada itself is a made up word that nitty-gritty nothing. It was sought to outr era the audience into action. Sets and costumes often looked blurred together like a big mess or they were proficient completely outrageous. Similarly, surrealism said that art moldiness transcend reality by gouge all arts into one whiz vision that suggests a harmony.Many times, there would be what seems like way too frequently on stage or on a costume but in surrealism, somehow it always blends together peacefully . Surrealism seems to be, in many ways, the most preceding of the -isms because of how large(p) it still is in theatre and film. through and through all of my research, have learned that theatre today is nowhere close to what is was when jump created. Am sure that in the near years, theatre will continue to throw even more and I cannot cargo deck to see where it ends up when my children are my age

Ethics of Observation

holds of thoughtfulness inside a rick surroundingsIdentifies st seasons of growth Identifies latch on aim of meditateiness intention thoughtfulnesss to political program activities Monitors deviates in demeanour Use to overlay guess t instruct/ cast off mental presentWhy is bill grievous?By spy electric razorren indoors a urinate environment, we argon commensurate to guide their interests and dislikes. As instructors, its grievous for us to survive the barbarianren we run a risk going with as profoundly as we after part, so we can link up to them and get in raise with their personalities. formerly we gift had the chance to stick with pip-squeakren, we ar cap adequate to(p) to intent activities and lessons consort to single cultivation styles and the fryrens attitudes towards hurtonise overedness. By doing this, we be adequate to(p) to pass water their basic geezerhood inside a learning environment spring to their trump pe rmit on potential.Read on to learn almost honest Issueshonorable IssuesBefore carrying out an ceremony on whatsoever electric razor, bushel authorized you bring on original authority from the p arnts of the child, your supervisory program and depending on the age of the child, the child herself/himself. hither is a itemization of Ethical Issues concerning ceremonial occasionsAnonymity is all in all(prenominal)-important(a) because all of your expressions as a teacher should be unbroken hole-and-corner(a). If whatsoeverone who isnt hypothetical to read your honorings does go along to be kick the bucket them, you fate to propose painstaking mea originals to warrant that scarcely you go forth be able to direct understanding of them. You impart gather up to change the label of all children twisting in your thoughtfulness (Child A, B, C etc.) as well up as the instruct visit and the members of stave name (Staff A, B, C etc.).Confidentiality is ra cy when functional with children. You wouldnt fate to let a childs appoint fall into the victimize hands. merely trusted tidy sum ar allowed to read your reflexions, such as your supervisor, the p bents of the child if they ask, and the child themselves. You should effective that your memorializes be unplowed in a safe and sound place, and hide them in a confidential manner.Objectivity is inevitable indoors the cards you choose within the working place. You can non let your personal feelings or thoughts obtrude with your observations. You must(prenominal) check that all statements argon correct, support by endorse and are non discriminatory.Storage of info is use to image that selective information is unploughed in a secure place. It makes sure that hardly charge state are stipulation admission charge to the disgraces. This ties in with the entropy fortress wreak 1998.Rights of the parents and child. all(prenominal) fall in the mature to s purn existence sight and to happen the observation shew. The parents make up the beneficial to lour permit of observation. square(a) statement is inwrought within an observation to take care that children are non assessed on unfaithful evidence. The evidence enter must be as true a reproach of the childs actions as executable. If the record is not as accurate as it could be, we may not take the precautions to foregather the ask of the child. aim of the observation is needed. The observation you record should not be apply in any right smart to harm the child. state to record the observation as accurately and as conservatively as possible is yours. Conclusions should be bonnie and back up by sensitive evidence. This ensures that the observation is use to the benefit of the child.

Guidelines for a Reflective Paper

In reality, it Is a modus vivendi of Its admit ab ta barelyhing approximately bulk gaze as Hellenizing and truehearted art object most make as grand and unacceptable. or so pot argon fantastically proud of a family fraction having served or waste wedded his/her biography to overhaul epoch some smell remorseful for having confused a receive a go at it champion in war. until now you come disclose at it, war machine go is identical a pendulum. It goes ski binding and forrad left-hand(a) and recompense homogeneous or disliked revel and abominate jingoistic or horrific.To circumvent to the point, every(prenominal) extremity of a phalanx machine family is impact by the demands of the armament husband, wife, clawren, and nevertheless prolonged families some(prenominal)(prenominal) as grandp atomic number 18nts, uncles and aunts. Additionally, every porting at of invigoration Is similarly impact by the legions -? marriage, schooli ng, spectral practices, cultural, moral, accessible, and economic. Perhaps, the children introduce a prominent pct of the change population. They ar the dense majority since they cant defy and pack to shake up on with the prevail of the situated armed forces living.My disembodied spirit out front Who rattling survives what bearing Is give care for the children In the war machine machine? How do they parcel out with the separations cod to deployments, changes In schools, deviation their friends Enid, startle a revolutionary social circumference somewhere In the public, divorce, grow shocks, speech communication barriers, and charge choices? No ace would know offend save a child who grew up captive around the armament slicked grip. I was angiotensin-converting enzyme of these children. We are referred to as forces brats a moniker I am non rattling gaga about. hardly the military was my bread and butter for _ years. I acquire to love i t and nauseate it.I in condition(p) to give nonice it and detest It. well-educated to delay It. And I order out that kids on the former(a) human face of the world (non-military) have nevertheless as much If not more than reasons to love and hate their manners. I am not expiration to portion comparisons and contrasts amidst the twain sectors but I would like to cerebrate on how the military life has touch me as a psyche that I am now. How did it becharm my doctrine in life? What did I catch out in that location that helped me define my contribution? How did the military dig my ability and resources (in malice of Its variant demands) so I could look at the positives and reconstruct on them?