Review Of Beethoven Symphony No. 9 - 1301 Words

Ludwig van Beethoven once said, â€Å"Music, in truth, is the mediator between intellectual and sensual life†. Though he and his music were from an entirely different era, both still have relevance in our lives today. Music from the past is all around us on the radio, in commercials, and on the big screen. For example, one of Beethoven’s most famous symphonies, â€Å"Symphony No. 9†, makes an appearance in many movies. It even makes an appearance in Die Hard. Though we like to think that which is old is obsolete, we are everyday reminded that this is not true. â€Å"Symphony No. 9†, better known as â€Å"Ode to Joy†, was written by Beethoven in the years 1822 to 1824. The performing forces in this piece are an orchestra, four vocalists, and a chorus. The genre of the piece is symphony. The piece is comprised of four movements. The first movement is in Allegro form. While the second movement is in Scherzo form. The third movement is in Adagio form. F inally, the fourth and final movement is in Recitative form. The key for Beethoven’s ninth symphony is D minor. The tempo changes frequently throughout Beethoven’s symphony, â€Å"Ode to Joy†. In the first movement the tempo is allegro. During the second, the tempo is molto vivace. In the third movement the tempo is adagio molto e cantabile. Then, in the fourth and final movement the tempo changes a couple of times. The tempos that appear in the fourth movement are presto; allegro molto assai (Alla marcia); andante maestoso; allegro energico,Show MoreRelatedBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphonies1558 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beeth oven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart inRead MoreClassical Music And The Era Of Music1646 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction If you were like me, when someone mentioned classical music or music for the heroic era you knew very little to nothing about the subject. The only thing you knew was that it was music from a long time ago and that Beethoven was the only artist you could name. So, let me enlighten you on what classical music is and the era it comes from. The term classical is something that has a wide and long-lasting appeal. In music, when a piece was written from between about 1750 to 1825 it wasRead MoreEssay Plan. Essay Topic: Beethoven’S Symphony No.6 Is A1829 Words   |  8 PagesEssay plan Essay topic: Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 is a turning point in music history Introduction: - What is turning point in music history? Turning point is defined as â€Å"a point at which a notable or decisive change takes place; critical point;† , and it â€Å"represents a lasting shift in the zeitgeist or ‘spirit of the age.’† As an important part of Art, music has a crucial role on representing the human spirit of the age. When a turning point in music history occurs, it implies a change in humanRead MoreThe San Diego Symphony Hall2612 Words   |  11 Pages On the weekend of Friday, October 17, 2014, to Sunday, October 19, 2014, the San Diego Symphony presented Van Cliburn Gold, a Jacobs Masterworks Concert of the 2014-15 Season. The performance was held at the Jacobs Music Center’s Copley Symphony Hall and featured works from Ludwig Van Beethoven, Serge Prokofiev, and Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The conductor for the performance was Jahja Ling, and Vadym Kholodenko performed on the piano (Bromberger, 2014, p. 13). Born approximately on December 16Read MoreSymphony No.58248 Words   |  33 PagesSymphony No 5 (Beethoven) http://www.ask.com/wiki/Beethoven s_Fifth_Symphony From Wikipedia ( View original Wikipedia Article ) Last modified on 13 January 2011 at 03:35 Dari Wikipedia ( Lihat yang asli Wikipedia Pasal ) Terakhir diubah pada 13 Januari 2011 03:35    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dari Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas (Redirected from Beethoven s Fifth Symphony ) (Dialihkan dari Beethoven s Fifth Symphony ) Jump to: navigation , search Langsung ke: navigasi ,Read MoreRunning Head : Dynamic Writing1611 Words   |  7 Pagesschool music appreciation course, and strategies for pairing ICTs and journaling will be outlined. For structural organization and clarity, a detailed explanation of each assignment component will be listed under the section headings of this paper. Review of Internet Sources When researching online examples of journaling in the music content area, the most common results found were lesson plans authored by teachers, graduate students, and school boards in the form of PDFs and documents. The pointRead MoreKey Signature and Beethoven9252 Words   |  38 PagesOutline Title: Life and Works of Ludwig van Beethoven and His Achievements Thesis Statement: Beethoven is one of the greatest composer in the history of music. He played a big role in the world of music. He was the one who initiated among his co-composers the freedom to express themselves. Some of his masterpieces were Eroica Pastorale, Fideleo and the religious composition entitled Missa Solemnis. I. Introduction II. The Man and His Music A.Read MoreBeethovens Violin Concerto2137 Words   |  9 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is considered one of the greatest and most influential composers in the history of music. His Violin Concerto in D Major has been played by nearly every soloist in the past 150 years and, today, it is one of the major works in violin repertoire. Since its premiere by Franz Clement in the winter of 1806, many aspects of the violin, bow, and performance have undergone changes. This paper discusses the modern day knowledge of Beethoven s Violin Concerto, and how it is influencingRead MoreConcert Report Mozart Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages15 January 2011 Concert Report: Mozart Symphony No. 40 The western classical concert that I have chosen to review is A Tale of Two Symphonies. This concert is performed in the Avery Fisher hall within the Lincoln Center in New York City. It was performed on July 29, 2008. The orchestra that is performing is the 42nd Mostly Mozart Orchestra. The conductor is Louis Langrà ©e. The two pieces being performed in this concert is Mozarts Symphony No. 40 and Mahler’s Das Lied von der Erde.Read MoreCharacteristics of the Romantic Music Period Essay2477 Words   |  10 Pagesconcluding with strategies for listening to this music today. Some of the music which can be used to illustrate these changes are specific works by Beethoven, a composer, who is viewed as a major influence on the music of the nineteenth century. This can be evidenced by the Grove article on Romanticism, which deems it to be widely accepted that Beethoven â€Å"inaugurated a ‘Romantic era’†[ii]. The demands of Romantic music are characterised by several key changes. These changes can be summarised as follows:

Comparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments...

Political Science 113 Prof. Laremont Ronald Summers The political systems of todays world vary tremendously as you span the world. Each of these systems has gone through an evolution based on mistakes of the past and the needs of a stable and equal government. Most nations throughout the world observe political means through either Unitary or Federal legislation. The Federal government of Mexico and the unitary government of France are perfect examples of the differences and similarities of unicameral and bicameral legislature. When looking at the political systems we must first understand the ideologies behind it. The main ideology that has help to define the French political system is that of bicameral legislation. In bicameral†¦show more content†¦Given the dominance of the executive over the legislative and judicial branches, interest groups and lobbyists have not developed in Mexico. Interests groups who wish to influence policy do so mostly through the executive branch or seeking contacts with agency heads and cabinet figures. The president is elected by direct popular vote every six years and cannot be reelected. Presidents acquire vast authority because they control all selection of candidates in their party for elective office at the national level. The executive also can exercise great influence because many Mexicans have come to expect a strong president and public elections give the president much power since the people chose him. The president is the chief policy maker, and the executive branch handles 90 % of Mexicos legislation. The president chooses members of his cabinet, which results in them being the most influential members of the executive branch. No president has ever selected a member of an opposition party as a cabinet official until President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leà ³n took office in December 1994. The cabinet is also divided into smaller groups such as an economic or national security cabinet, which make policy recommen dations to the president or respond to his policy initiatives. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate make up Mexicos bicameral legislative body. There are 500-members in the Chamber of Deputies that are elected for three-yearShow MoreRelatedComparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments Essays1487 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments The political systems of today’s world vary tremendously as you span the world. Each of these systems has gone through an evolution based on mistakes of the past and the needs of a stable and equal government. Most nations throughout the world observe political means through either Unitary or Federal legislation. The Federal government of Mexico and the unitary government of France are perfect examples of the differences and similaritiesRead MoreNespresso Co. Analysis15084 Words   |  61 Pagesmore popular but only in some areas). The melodies of folk music vary between regions. In particular, the Alpine Folk culture is characterized by very expressive dances. Some small musical ensembles are practiced in mountains area, usually in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Moreover, there is the Visual Art: in the 16th century, Protestantism had a strong influence on it in Switzerland. Some painters became very famous like Alberto Giacometti, Jean Tinguely and Paul Klee. Finally, theRead MoreThe Myths of Cultural Globalization Essay3502 Words   |  15 Pagescultural outsider (the latter will most often coincide with the scientist and his/her audience). Anthropology tries to take a holistic approach to the society in question, i.e. to overcome the artificial separation of analytical categories (such as politics, culture and economy) common to other disciplines. Single phenomena are studied in their social context and the interpenetration of different aspects of human life, of, let’s say, legal propositions, worldviews, rituals and social structure areRead MoreIntroduction to Mexico10481 Words   |  42 PagesPacific coast in Chiapas is there adequate rainfall all year. In the south like the northern half of the country the rainfall is concentrated in the summer months with dry winters. History The history of Mexico is long, rich, and colorful, and Mexicans have a strong sense of their country s history. Hundreds of years ago the Indians of Mexico built large cities, developed a calendar, invented a counting system, and used a form of writing. The last Indian empire in Mexico, that of the Aztec,Read MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 PagesDifferent Views on Americanization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter III The Mosaic of American Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter IV The Influence of Immigration on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.1 Indian Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.2 French Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 4.3 Spanish Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4.4 Dutch Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.5 German Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.6 African InfluenceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed:Read MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesof scale, education, capital accumulation etc.) are not causes of growth; they are growth† (italics in original). Factor accumulation and innovation are only proximate causes of growth. In North and Thomas’s view, the fundamental explanation of comparative growth is diï ¬â‚¬erences in institutions. What are institutions exactly? North (1990, p. 3) oï ¬â‚¬ers the following deï ¬ nition: â€Å"Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interactionRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pageseconomic policy. The book does not concern itself with politics—not even with such crucial questions as whether Russia can and will recover as a political, military and economic power. It sticks with MANAGEMENT ISSUES. There are good reason s for this. The issues this book discusses, the new social, demographic and economic REALITIES, are not issues that GOVERNMENT can successfully deal with. They are issues that will have profound impact on politics; but they are not political issues. They are not issuesRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesImposition of a development model 5.5.7 Free-market economies 5.6 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the juridical-legal sphere 5.6.1 Recognition and exercise of human rights 5.6.2 Limitations on the exercise of autonomy and self-government 5.6.3 Limitations on access to justice 5.6.4 Racial profiling and ethnic stereotypes 5.7 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the political sphere 5.7.1 Unequal relations with the State 5.7.2 Lack of access to State posts 5.7.3 Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesJones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 2. The Evolution of Management Thought  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2005 27 50 Chapter Two German professor of sociology, developed one theory; Henri Fayol, the French manager who developed the model of management introduced in Chapter 1, developed the other. The Theory of Bureaucracy bureaucracy A formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efï ¬ ciency and effectiveness. Max Weber (1864–1920) Comparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments... Comparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments The political systems of today’s world vary tremendously as you span the world. Each of these systems has gone through an evolution based on mistakes of the past and the needs of a stable and equal government. Most nations throughout the world observe political means through either Unitary or Federal legislation. The Federal government of Mexico and the unitary government of France are perfect examples of the differences and similarities of unicameral and bicameral legislature. When looking at the political systems we must first understand the ideologies behind it. The main ideology that has help to define the French political system is that of bicameral†¦show more content†¦The president is elected for a seven-year term by direct popular vote. The presidential powers preside over the Council of Ministers, the High Council of the Judiciary, and as the commander of the armed forces. The president selects the prime minister and appoints cabinet ministers. The prime mini ster and the Council of Ministers are responsible only to the National Assembly. The prime minister power is minute when compared to that of the president. The president can also elect a new prime minister if he feels the current is not doing his/her job. The French Parliament has two chambers, with supreme legislative authority abided in the National Assembly. The 321 members of the senate serve 9-year terms and are indirectly elected by an electoral college. The Senate has the right to examine and render opinions on legislation. The senate also examines policies initiated by the National Assembly and has the power to delay the passage of legislation. If the two chambers disagree on a bill the final decision rests with the National Assembly. The National Assembly gives 5-year terms to its 577 deputies, since they are chosen directly by the people. The national assembly also has the power to censure the president and prime minister. Members of National Assembly are elected through s ingle member district plurality, while notables elect the senate through indirect elections. France enjoys both theShow MoreRelatedComparative Politics of the French and Mexican Governments Essay1919 Words   |  8 Pagespast and the needs of a stable and equal government. Most nations throughout the world observe political means through either Unitary or Federal legislation. The Federal government of Mexico and the unitary government of France are perfect examples of the differences and similarities of unicameral and bicameral legislature. When looking at the political systems we must first understand the ideologies behind it. The main ideology that has help to define the French political system is that of bicameralRead MoreNespresso Co. Analysis15084 Words   |  61 Pagesmore popular but only in some areas). The melodies of folk music vary between regions. In particular, the Alpine Folk culture is characterized by very expressive dances. Some small musical ensembles are practic ed in mountains area, usually in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Moreover, there is the Visual Art: in the 16th century, Protestantism had a strong influence on it in Switzerland. Some painters became very famous like Alberto Giacometti, Jean Tinguely and Paul Klee. Finally, theRead MoreThe Myths of Cultural Globalization Essay3502 Words   |  15 Pagescultural outsider (the latter will most often coincide with the scientist and his/her audience). Anthropology tries to take a holistic approach to the society in question, i.e. to overcome the artificial separation of analytical categories (such as politics, culture and economy) common to other disciplines. Single phenomena are studied in their social context and the interpenetration of different aspects of human life, of, let’s say, legal propositions, worldviews, rituals and social structure areRead MoreIntroduction to Mexico10481 Words   |  42 PagesPacific coast in Chiapas is there adequate rainfall all year. In the south like the northern half of the country the rainfall is concentrated in the summer months with dry winters. History The history of Mexico is long, rich, and colorful, and Mexicans have a strong sense of their country s history. Hundreds of years ago the Indians of Mexico built large cities, developed a calendar, invented a counting system, and used a form of writing. The last Indian empire in Mexico, that of the Aztec,Read MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 PagesDifferent Views on Americanization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter III The Mosaic of American Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter IV The Influence of Immigration on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.1 Indian Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.2 French Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 4.3 Spanish Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4.4 Dutch Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.5 German Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.6 African InfluenceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed:Read MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesof scale, education, capital accumulation etc.) are not causes of growth; they are growth† (italics in original). Factor accumulation and innovation are only proximate causes of growth. In North and Thomas’s view, the fundamental explanation of comparative growth is diï ¬â‚¬erences in institutions. What are institutions exactly? North (1990, p. 3) oï ¬â‚¬ers the following deï ¬ nition: â€Å"Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interactionRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pageseconomic policy. The book does not concern itself with politics—not even with such crucial questions as whether Russia can and will recover as a political, military and economic power. It sticks with MANAGEMENT ISSUES. There are good reason s for this. The issues this book discusses, the new social, demographic and economic REALITIES, are not issues that GOVERNMENT can successfully deal with. They are issues that will have profound impact on politics; but they are not political issues. They are not issuesRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesImposition of a development model 5.5.7 Free-market economies 5.6 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the juridical-legal sphere 5.6.1 Recognition and exercise of human rights 5.6.2 Limitations on the exercise of autonomy and self-government 5.6.3 Limitations on access to justice 5.6.4 Racial profiling and ethnic stereotypes 5.7 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the political sphere 5.7.1 Unequal relations with the State 5.7.2 Lack of access to State posts 5.7.3 Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesJones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 2. The Evolution of Management Thought  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2005 27 50 Chapter Two German professor of sociology, developed one theory; Henri Fayol, the French manager who developed the model of management introduced in Chapter 1, developed the other. The Theory of Bureaucracy bureaucracy A formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efï ¬ ciency and effectiveness. Max Weber (1864–1920)

Charity to Strike Cancer

Question: Describe about the Charity to Strike Cancer? Answer: Fashion show for Charity We all know that cancer is a deadly disease and to fight against it we have to raise our hands and support the people facing this deadly disease. Many small hand-outs can make a huge charity which helps the people to live their lives happily (Snelgrove, Wood and Havitz, 2013). This is a project taken for the noble cause to treat peoples from cancer. Fashion Show is a very popular event that is why it has been considered as a part of charity and this is hopeful that more charity will come from this event. SMART Objectives The project should be precise. It is a programme for raising funds and the objective should be raising 10,000 pounds for cancer patients. The show must be customer specific and maximum approach is apprehensible. The targeted amount of collection should be measurable and a pre calculation is needed. The event is organized for a very noble cause and the amount should be reachable. The donor should know the relevancy of their donation and they should be guided properly (Filo, Spence and Sparvero, 2013). Cut-off date is very vital for handling any project. This is a fund raising programme so the total procedure should be in time. A pre calculation of time for every single process is needed to determine and the main part is execution. These are the SMART objective which ultimately helps to reach the height of the achievement. Associates Any Project is depending upon the key personnel and for the fund raising programme management personnels are the key to success. Communication is the main Part for this kind of event and a concrete message from the management authority is vital (Connolly, Hyndman and McConville, 2013). Persons chosen for communication are also important so the message from the organization to the audience should be precise and concrete. Key Objective Activities week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week6 Layout a plan Analyze market potential Web designing and marketing Communication with premium donors Prepare internal systems Day to day follow ups propose alternatives Execution of the changed plans review of change Significant Achievement Factors Proper analysis of the market and approach the major donors to take active participation in the event are a factor which leads to success. Follow ups with the responders as well as non responders can generate a good impact. References Connolly, C., Hyndman, N. and McConville, D. (2013). Conversion Ratios, Efficiency and Obfuscation: A Study of the Impact of Changed UK Charity Accounting Requirements on External Stakeholders.Voluntas, 24(3), pp.785-804. Filo, K., Spence, K. and Sparvero, E. (2013). Exploring the properties of community among charity sport event participants.Managing Leisure, 18(3), pp.194-212. Snelgrove, R., Wood, L. and Havitz, M. (2013). Developing personal attachment to a physically active charity event.Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Mark., 18(2), pp.133-140.

Inuit And Greek Mythology Essays - Creation Myths, Eurynome

Inuit And Greek Mythology The very early creation legends are difficult to trace to their original sources, since they were passed along by word of mouth from one generation to the next. There are many different legends about the origin of the earth, some similar to those told in other cultures. It is interesting that most of these legends can be tied together in one or more ways. The Greek and Inuit tribe versions of early existence are related in many ways. In both interpretations there is one creator. The Greek version explains that Eurynome, the goddess of all things, rises naked from chaos and finds nothing for her feet to stand on. She then separates the sea from the sky and dances upon the waves to the south, where later her hands would turn into a serpent (Switzer 10). Similarly, in the Inuit interpretation, a raven is born out of darkness and chaos. He searches around the dark trying to find his position; he finds water, grass and trees. After contemplating about who he is and what makes the grass grow, he eventually realizes that he is the Raven Father, the creator of all life (Ingpen 67). Secondly, both interpretations use the bird as the principal creator of all things. It is thought that Eurynome is the author of the universe. She becomes pregnant when her serpent hands coil around her. Next, she assumes the form of a dove and lays a huge egg which the serpent keeps warm until it hatches. The egg brings forth all the things that now exist: the sun, moon, planets, stars, and the earth with its mountains, valleys, stream, lakes, all living creatures, including the first humans (Switzer 11). In like manner, Raven flies through the darkness and finds a new land, for which he calls Earth. One day, he notices a giant pea pod and watches it as it splits open and produces a man. He creates the ox and caribou for the man to eat but tells him not to harm them (Ingpen 68). He continues to create animals, but then creates a woman to be the man's companion. Soon the man and woman reproduce and there are many children. Although similar in some ways, the two creation myths also contrast in several ways. The Greek version illustrates that Eurynome asexually becomes pregnant and lays an egg. This giant egg holds all things that now exist. In complete contrast, Raven witnesses man being brought to life through a giant pea pod. It is then when he creates a woman so that they can reproduce and have many children. In conclusion, the Inuit and Greek creation myths compare and contrast in different ways. Although told in two different eras by two completely different cultures, the two legends are still comparable in several ways. There is a variety of legends about the origin of the earth, but similarities can be traced through practically all of them.

Effects of technology on society essays

Effects of technology on society essays Families that make up our society and individuals are affected by different aspects of technology everyday. Communicating ideas clearly give great opportunities that help our society evolve to technology. Including cell phones, reality TV shows, and even computers combined with internet. What is a cellular phone? A type of wireless communication that is most familiar to mobile phones users. It's called 'cellular' because the system uses many base stations to divide a service area into multiple 'cells'. Cellular calls are transferred from base station to base station as a user travels from cell to cell. (definition from the Wireless Advisor Glossary.) The basic concept of cellular phones began in 1947, when researchers looked at crude mobile (car) phones and realized that by using small cells (range of service area) with frequency reuse they could increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones substantially. However at that time, the technology to do so was nonexistent. (about.com) To begin with cell phones that have amazingly over populated throughout time, almost every American household carries them. Today, cellular phones are in high demand and extremely popular. Cell phones have gone from enormous sizes to small minuscule sizes. They ranged from being thick and fat to now small, skinny, and even miniature. Cell phones now have hundreds of different features that come with them. This includes the internet, cameras, audio speakers, music, and the list goes on. There are ups and downs in cell phones. Cell phones come in use in many ways. For example, the efficiency of cell-phone technology in rebuilding Iraq has a drawback in that insurgents are using the hand-held devices to orchestrate attacks and set off roadside bombs, defense officials say. A growing network of cellular connections has proved a boon to contractors, the U.S. military and average Iraqis in turning the state-run economy into a free-market business environment ...

Essay on Cell Phones

Essay on Cell Phones Essay on Cell Phones This is a free example essay on Cell Phones: When I was born, in the mid 80`s, cellular telephones were just becoming popular as a wireless way of communication. But the concept caught on rapidly and people were subscribing left and right for cellular phone service. As I was growing up I began to notice more and more people around me beginning to use these new marvels of technology. I was in a state of awe about how these contraptions, which at the time were not so little; some of them so large as to have to be carried in a bag and some the size of some of the biggest house phones today, really functioned. I was in disbelief about just how you could actually take a telephone with you wherever you go and be able to talk to people on it whenever you wanted. When I was about six or seven I felt as if I was going to go crazy if someone in my family did not own one of these new contraptions, when finally the day came. I had taken a trip to Huntsville with my mom and my sister to go shopping one afternoon, we were starting to finish up our adventurous day of shopping when all of the sudden my mom walked into the Bellsouth Wireless store. My eyes glowed with excitement as we walked in. Finally, after what seemed like days of talking with salesmen about different calling plans and such, we had our very own cellular phone. When we got to the car, I frantically begged to look at the phone and all of its wonder. On the trip back to Decatur, I pressed the buttons on the phone, listened to funny sounds that it made, and sat in glee holding the mobile piece of technology. Finally the time came and my mom made the first call on it, calling back to my house telling my father the wonderful news of the new gadget, and after asking until I couldn`t ask anymore I finally got to talk on it and enjoy its wonder. Since then, over the past years, my parents have had many new phones of all shapes and sizes and colors. Over the years phones have gotten smaller, more compact and convenient and better technologically to suit our eve ryday lives. Some cellular phones are now as small as business cards, some phones being a brilliant light show of blinking, spinning, flashing L.E.D lights, and some phones basically being a little P.C. that fits into your pocket. Unfathomable amounts of time, money, and research going into these little devices of communication just to try and make our lives a little bit easier. People spending their lives making all of the electronics and technology going into these devices being made smaller and faster and better. All of this work goes into these little telephones making communication more convenient for us in our day to day lives. Work going into these telephones making it possible for us to call home, or work, across the nation, or around the world all while we are driving somewhere or walking down the street. In this day and age every man, woman, and child you see on the street is carrying one of these devices glued to their head. I have to admit that I am probably one of those people that you would see. Receiving my very own cellular phone shortly after I turned 16, I had the same excitement as I did when I was a child coming in contact with a cellular phone for the first time. That first cellular phone now sits at the top of a closet in a box along with other past cellular phones in various drawers and boxes collecting dust as the technology moves on and better things come along, all taken for granted. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Cell Phones from our professional essay writing service.

Cross-cultural Training for Global Virtual Teams Research Paper

Cross-cultural Training for Global Virtual Teams - Research Paper Example Global virtual teams will not automatically respond to â€Å"country-specific knowledge† instead of â€Å"in-depth knowledge of interpersonal interactions† because human behavior does not consist only of culture. Pre-conceptions make it difficult for members to adjust immediately when in the actual interaction. This becomes applied stereotypes that do not always work accordingly and thus tends to frustrate members, rendering cultural orientation program as ineffective (ibid, pp.346-347). Cultural awareness training, on the other hand, is focused on the goal of learning to adjust in various situations especially those which tend to be unexpected rather than being constrained by area-specific interaction. This type of training is geared toward altering attitudes of information and the availability of alternative viewpoints when faced with unknown information and recognize it as an opportunity to familiarize with unfamiliar circumstances. Another important aspect of cultural awareness training is its acknowledgment that culture shock is a common part of adjusting to an unknown culture. This is what it aims to develop by instilling to the members the importance of developing sensitivity and acceptance to enable him to comfortably work with people whose cultures may be different from that of his own. The newcomer is also obliged to do the same and be receptive to the situation to strengthen the virtual team.

African studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

African studies - Essay Example As a result, it is necessary to give a detailed discussion of the ancient art, agriculture, and myths of the Egyptians. In the past centuries, Egyptians engaged in various agricultural activities ranging from crop farming to animal keeping. Equally, this country had numerous creative and talented artists, who used their skills appropriately to promote religious activities and impact positively on lives of their compatriots. Moreover, Egyptians had numerous myths explaining philosophical questions such as origin and creation of man and the universe. They also shaped people’s opinions and promoted peaceful coexistence among the Egyptians. All these ancient cultural practices of the Egyptians promoted peaceful coexistence and survival of many people in the community. Ancient art was an important practice among the Egyptians. These people used art to express their thoughts and perception creatively on various things in life. In addition, Egyptians artists were keen observers, and as a result, ancient Egyptian art was characterized by a combination of geometric regularity. The artists paintings and carvings were a representation of the various figure in the community. Moreover, artists also depicted numerous fundamentals of their lives through their artwork. According to Kaplan (2004), most artists drew or painted different pictures ranging from hunting scenes in the community to farming practices. Equally, other artists in Egypt painted various scenes on pottery vessels and herds of cattle in the early times. These artworks mainly reflected the prehistoric Egyptian lifestyle and economic activities in the community. In the current society, such drawings have enabled numerous people learn and appreciate the Egyptian culture and practices in the pr evious centuries. In addition, ancient Egyptian art promoted unity and peaceful coexistence in the society. Artists worked as a group and maintained

Future of Food Essay Example for Free

Future of Food Essay In the passed couple of decades, the foods we deem to be natural or of the Earth are instead Genetically Engineered. The term Genetically Engineered does not mean that the entire vegetable or food is fake but rather means that there is at least one genetically modified ingredient in the food that is sold all over stores, which raises a great health concern for many people. In the feature production of the documentary known as The Future of Food looks at how modern day technology has changed the food we consume and the effects it can have on our health. In watching this film about all the advancements that science has come to in the world with the food being eaten everyday, both the positive and negative effects of all those technological changes, its only right to think of the countries that barely have enough food in general or the people who are losing their livelihoods because of the advancements created by science in first world countries. A first world country like the United States has not only a great amount but also lots of variety of nutrition; however, even this is still not enough to â€Å"satisfy† such a wealthy nation because steps are still being taken to continue to â€Å"improve† nature. Projects were done that helped produce corn in all kinds of different colors and creating bigger than normal sized strawberries. A question seems to arise, is all this technological advancement necessary? Are we as a society taking unnecessary measures to â€Å"fix† something that is natural and worked since the beginning of time? In the medical world, many health problems have been examined where food and nutrition were identified as partial contributors to the problem. This film helped in explaining how enzymes are used to knick corn DNA and how foreign DNA was then presented into the corn cell walls. Consuming the genetically modified corn caused allergic reactions and stirred a health concern about labeling genetically modified foods. In my particular opinion it should be the people’s right to know whether the food they’re ingesting has been altered genetically or tempered with from its natural state. Nevertheless, this does not belittle the question as to why it is necessity to alter the food in the first place. In order to formulate a ground based opinion I need to weigh the positives and negatives. Natural food always has the benefit of being â€Å"natural,† however, genetically engineered foods sometimes has the advantages of looking more appealing, tasting better and/or having a longer lasting flavor. I have experienced this first hand I have grown a distaste to certain organic foods simply because they just didn’t taste nearly as good as those that are genetically engineered even though the organic foods were supposed to be fresher and of course natural. This certain taste for food could just be that I got too used to the taste of all the preservatives that go into foods. It’s interesting how I got used to chemically preserved foods and genetically engineered tastes that overtime became the good tasting ones while the healthier ones were rejected by my taste buds. Another benefit is that genetically engineered foods end up being cheaper because they have a greater resistance to environmental conditions that would normally spoil the unaltered form and are also made in quantities not given the same attention organic foods are given to be fresh and ripe. Being that they are made in greater quantity, they are available for more people for cheaper prices, becoming the food of choice. The question would be, are the quantities made and the decrease in prices good enough to outweigh the negative effects of genetically engineered food? Another point and question would be why do many countries still remain unfed and continue searching for methods to feed their fast growing populations if these genetically engineered foods are produced in such a surplus manner? Keeping the advantages of genetically engineered foods in mind, there are definitely several noteworthy disadvantages too. An advantage was the surplus of food, however, how is it a benefit if such foods are harming the body? Some would agree that it is better to feed and raise a healthy smaller sized population with natural, unaltered forms of food than to infect a large population and have them suffer from the repercussion caused by the food they had consumed. Also, most people that are not keeping up with this field of work do not know that there are these bodies that have consumed the modified foods for such prolonged time periods and have overtime probably developed immunity to the side effects the modifications can have. In these genetically engineered foods the DNA is altered, and just as changes in human DNA lead to disorders, consumption of foods with altered DNA may have the same fatal effects. Certain genetic modifications can even go as far as cause cancers and brain and organ damage. A huge disadvantage that most people do not notice, especially those who live in urban areas, is that due to the production of the genetically altered foods a lot of farmers have been put out of jobs. These farmers are not needed as much anymore because more crops can be made for cheaper and therefore they no longer make as much money on each crop they plant and sow as they once did, as was shown in Central American countries. Now days, while technology could be helping the economy by decreasing the price of foods for people, it is also harming people who depended on the unaltered food to bring them income. The U. S. economy and industry is choosing quantity over quality, which is not beneficial to our health but instead just our wallets. I believe that its not fair for people not to know what is in their foods and usually people don’t seek food that can hurt them, therefore, it was crucial that the â€Å"Genetically Engineered Right to Know† act get passed. It would allow people to know what they are consuming from the labels on the foods and therefore prevented conditions that could’ve risen from individuals allergic to a modified substance. The Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration is supposed to be on top of the foods produced and their effects. Nevertheless, it seems that genetically modified foods don’t cause enough of a significant threat in order for them to take action and stop the advancement, rather than promote it and seek ways to improve it. What would bring this matter to a flashing red alert? Though I admitted that genetically altered food does taste better, I still do not agree with the fact that I am consuming and enjoying the taste of unhealthy food. People often look for the most ripe fruits and healthy looking vegetables when they go shopping, but for a lot of produce these bigger fruits and vegetables end up being the modified ones. Though I personally have only been able to see the advantages of these foods, I realize that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits of having genetically modified foods. From a realistic point of view, being a student on a low budget it would be unpractical for me to purchase anything but the cheap genetically altered food. Looking even at the bigger picture, many individuals and families have the same outlook I do. Therefore, many people may be against the genetic modification of food, yet not much course of action will be taken. People are comfortable with their life styles, making the cases and effects of modified foods not seem like such a big deal. This shows that the wrong approach is probably being taken to bring this to significant awareness. To promote foods that are not going to be altered, there needs to be ways to produce the same great quantities and keep prices affordable under the economic conditions of the country and the budget of the average American Family. It was crucial to pass an act that will help identify the genetically engineered goods but still it is not sufficient enough to solve the issue at hand. This matter is truly a very controversial issue, containing both pros and cons; therefore, we as a government and a knowledgeable society we need to take a stand and incorporate more ideas in to solving this domestic problem.

An Analysis of Anne Bradstreet: In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabe

An Analysis of Anne Bradstreet: In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet    The Puritan woman's life was one entrenched in self-examination; bringing about the assembly of a spiritual armor in order to duel feminine sexuality to the death. In the elegy "In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August, 1665, Being a Year and Half Old," Bradstreet does not to fight with the expected vengeance against the manifestation of her "evil," her child, as one would expect within the given spiritual context. Instead, Bradstreet refers to her daughter with terms of affection, calling her "dear" and "sweet babe." This rejection of the Puritan patriarchy while remaining within a loose form of elegiac style is a cunning method of subversion. The value-laden categorical relationship made between the initial section of the elegy concerned with connections of   femininity to nature, mother earth, and the body is juxtaposed with the secondary section of the elegy   referring to maleness. Maleness is related to death, the fall of nature, and time providing t...

Pericles’ Funeral Oration Analysis Essay

Pericles’ Funeral Oration Why do we fight wars if they just cause death and sorrow? This famous speech was written by Thucydides, but given by Pericles sometime during Athens’ Pelponnesian War. This kind of speech was generally given at a mass funeral, to honor many who had died fighting in the war. Typically, funeral speeches at that time were very somber and mournful, but Pericles changed that. In this speech, he created this idea of national pride and faith in society, by using many hopeful and positive words. Many of those at this funeral were probably in a state of mourning, wondering if it was even worth it to be fighting wars and causing many deaths and Pericles did a great job of shattering that question and restoring dignity back into Athenians for their great and loved nation. Pericles was faced with a tough task, to speak at a large funeral of war victims, where the people are not going be in a positive state of mind at all. His choice of words were perfect for crushing all feelings of despair and making people realize that the reason they were fighting was because they had something so great that was worth defending, their country. For example, one of Pericles first lines was â€Å"Our government does not copy our neighbors’, but it an example to them.† This line is meant to invoke such a strong sense of national pride into the people, and it certainly does. If the people have pride in their nation, they will want to fight for it when it is under attack, and realize that fighting makes you stronger as a people. He goes on to say things â€Å"Our military is in many respects superior to that of our adversaries.† This thought provides a sense of comfort for the people; since they know that there country is powerful enough to win. When you go into a fight knowing that you’re going to win, it makes the fight much more meaningful and positive. This line also restores trust between the citizens and its military. If the people of Athens can trust their military, then they know that less war deaths will be the result, which will also make fighting all the more worth it. One of the most powerful lines comes when Pericles says, â€Å"We rely not upon management or trickery, but upon our own hearts and hands.† This makes the people of  Athens realize that those fighting in wars are doing it because they want to be there and because they feel such a love for their nation in their hearts that keeps them fighting. It is no accident that the Pericles’ Funeral Oration inspires many similar type speeches today. His speech puts meaning to what we are fighting wars for and helps to honor those who bravely died. Such a strong sense of camaraderie is created with this speech, which is a little more of what we could use today. The people of our nation need to be grateful that they are even a part of a country that’s so superior, that it’s worth dying for.

Literature Review of Grading System

Please read: a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales Read now Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mount Kenya University) Jump to: navigation, search | This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (January 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. [show]| This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) | Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a private university in Thika Kenya. The idea behind the establishment of the University dates back to 1996 when the precursor of the University, the Thika Institute of Technology was founded as a Computer Outreach Program.At this point in time in Kenyan history, the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) both Mobile Telepho ny and Computer Technology had started gaining an upward momentum in rural and urban centres. In the year 2000, the Institute developed into a commercial college offering management and computer training programmes. Later in the year the Ministry of Education Science and Technology recognized the institute as a full fledged institution of higher learning and granted it a full registration approval.In order to remain relevant with the training needs of the society, the institute initiated training programmes in the fields of paramedical, Information Technology, and Business and Entrepreneurship education in the year 2002. In the year 2005 the Institute became the 1st private institution in Kenya to be allowed to train Pharmaceutical Technologists by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Ministry of Health. In the year 2006 the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) validated and pproved the institute's request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both Diploma and Degree programmes. T he Institute continued to work closely with the Commission for Higher Education in line with the stipulated guidelines for establishing a privately funded university. After fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the Commission for Higher Education issued MKU with the authority to establish a full fledged privately funded university with Thika Institute of Technology as its precursor/forerunner. citation needed] External links * Kenya University List * Mt Kenya University Official Website [hide] * v * t * eKenyan universities| | | | | | Public universities| * University of Nairobi * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology * Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology| | | | | | Private universities| * United States International University (USIU – Africa) * Catholic University of Eastern Afri ca(CUEA) * University of Eastern Africa,Baraton * Daystar University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Women’s University of Science and Technology * Mount Kenya University * Pan Africa Christian University * Kenya Methodist University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * Great Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of East Africa * St.Paul's University * KCA University * Africa International University| | | Coordinates: 1 °02? 43? S 37 °04? 51? E View page ratings Rate this page What's this? Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Categories: * Universities and colleges in Kenya * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export * This page was last modified on 3 July 2012 at 11:09. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

This problem question deals with the law of adverse possession of land Essays

This problem question deals with the law of adverse possession of land Essays This problem question deals with the law of adverse possession of land Paper This problem question deals with the law of adverse possession of land Paper Essay Topic: Law In order to advise Jason as to his position, the principles that govern this area of law must first be identified. Once identified, these rules can be applied to the specific situation at hand. The idea behind adverse possession is that of title by long possession. It is an accepted commentary that certainty of title to land is a social need and occupation of land which has long been unchallenged should not be disturbed. Under the rules of property law a person who takes possession of land immediately assumes property rights over all but those persons who, like the landowner can assert a better title. 2 The law of adverse possession makes it possible for this person to become the legal owner of the land through mere lapse of time by extinguishing the title of the paper owner if he does not take action to recover his land within a given time period. The policy behind this rule is that those who go to sleep upon their claims should not be assisted by the courts in recovering their prop erty. Before there can be a successful claim of adverse possession certain statutory and common law requirements must be fulfilled. The statutory rules are found in the Limitation Act 1980. The legislation says that no action can be brought by a landowner to recover his land after the expiration of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to him, or from the date on which the right accrued to some person through whom he claims. The right of action is seen as having accrued once a landowner has been dispossessed of his land or has discontinued use of it and the land is in the adverse possession of some other in whose favour the period of limitation can run. 5 The result of land being adversely possessed for the entire period of limitation is that the original landowners title is completely extinguished,6 putting the adverse possessor of the land in the position of having a possessory title which is good against the whole world. I will look first at the situation involving the adjoining farmland on the east side. Although Jason purchased Holly Cottage in 1991 and so cannot have been in possession of the disputed land for twelve years, it is still possible for Barrys title to have been extinguished. The legislation states that the adverse possession must be continuous against the landowner7 but need not be maintained by the same individual for the entire time. Successive periods of squatting can be cumulative in effect so there is a possibility that the land has been adversely possessed for sufficient time. If Jason is to prove that Barry has lost his right of action, his chances will initially rely on whether he can show that Jill exercised adverse possession of the disputed land in her time at Holly Cottage. The requirements needed to prove successful adverse possession are to be found in the common law and were reviewed in the Court of Appeal case Buckingham County Council v Moran. 8 Firstly, the owner must lose possession. Possession can only be lost through discontinuance or dispossession. Discontinuance is particularly difficult to prove as even when the landowner is not in actual possession of the land there is a presumption that he has constructive possession of it. 9 Dispossession requires some act, or ouster by the squatter that results in depriving the landowner of use of the land. Secondly, the intruder must take factual possession of the land. This possession must be open rather than in secret, must be gained without the use of force and must not be with the consent of the landowner. Possession must be exclusive10 and the alleged possessor must have exercised an appropriate degree of physical control over the land. Decisions on the sufficiency of possession are dependant upon a situations specific facts, and acts that imply possession in one case may not be adequate to prove it in another. Factors that should be taken into account include the character and value of the land, its natural mode of use and whether the alleged possessor has dealt with the land as an occupying owner might have been expected to deal with it. 11 The third provision is that the possession must be inconsistent with the landowners title. This is the adverse requirement for a successful claim. Any possession that is concurrent with the landowners is not sufficient to support a claim. 12 Possession that is exercised with the permission of the landowner13 or under some lawful title can never be adverse in nature. 14 Finally, the adverse occupier must have an intention to possess the disputed land. The intention required comprises an intention, in ones own name and on ones own behalf, to exclude the world at large, including the owner so far as is reasonably practicable and so far as the processes of the law will allow. 15 Jill used the land for growing fruit. This seems to be a reasonable mode of use as the land is farmland so there is a good chance that Jill will be seen as having took factual possession. The existence of the letter tells us that since at least 1976 her possession would have been without the consent of Barry and therefore adverse to his title. The fact that Barry had an intent to use the land in the future would have no bearing on the claim. It is long sustained possession that is the root to a successful claim,16 not the intentions of the paper owner. 7 We do not know if Jill carried out any equivocal acts that would serve as evidence of her intention to possess the land but it is suggested that she had the necessary intention of exercising her control of the land for her own benefit. 18 Whether or not Barry lost possession is more doubtful and is essential to the claim. If it were found that Barry had lost possession and the other requirements had also been fulfilled, his title wou ld have been extinguished before Jill had sold the property and therefore he would be statute barred from bringing an action against Jason. However, there is no evidence of an ouster on Jills part and it would most likely be presumed that Barry had retained possession. In this case Jills time at Holly Cottage would be irrelevant and Jason will only be able to rely on his own residency. When Jason took occupation of Holly Cottage he fenced in the boundaries and in doing so incorporated the farm land into his own. This act of taking control of the land would be sufficient to dispossess Barry. 19 It would also be evidence of his intention to possess the land, as it would have the effect of excluding all others from the land. 0 It is unclear what Jason uses the farmland for but by excluding all others he has exercised exclusive control over it, so it is likely that he would be deemed to have taken possession of it. His possession is not with the consent of Barry and so is adverse to Barrys title. Jasons mistaken belief that the land was actually his will not hinder his claim as adverse possession can arise through ignorance or mistake. 21 Jason has exercised adverse possession but has not yet done so for the limitation period of twelve years so Barrys title has not yet been extinguished. Written communication such as the letters that Jason has received are insufficient to stop the limitation period running. 22 To end the limitation period Barry must start possession proceedings and bring an action for possession. Jason should remain in possession of the disputed land and if proceedings are not begun within the limitation period Barry will be statute barred from bringing an action and his title will be extinguished. Jason would then have a possessory title that was good against the whole world and could apply to the Chief Land Registrar to be registered as the proprietor. In so far as the barn on the west side of the cottage, as with the farmland there seems to have been no ouster performed by Jill and it is unlikely that the courts would find that the true owner had abandoned it. Jason carried out structural work on the barn and has since used it as a mechanical workshop. There is a good chance that a court would find that Jason took possession of the barn, and the structural work he carried out can be seen as evidence of his intention to possess. He does not have the consent of the landowner so his possession is adverse. The only real doubt about Jason exercising adverse possession in relation to the barn is whether or not the true owner lost possession. It would be for the court to decide if Jasons actions had dispossessed the landowner or if he had discontinued use of his land. If the landowner has not lost possession of the barn Jason could come to some agreement that would entitle him to use it under a form of license. On the other hand, if Jason were found to be exercising adverse possession and the true owner failed to initiate possession proceedings within the limitation period, the title of the true owner would be extinguished. The fact that Jason said he was willing to pay for the use of the barn would not harm his claim, as it does not mean that he does not intend to possess the barn. 23 So if the true owners title is extinguished then Jason has a better title in relation to all others and can apply to be registered as the proprietor. The law of adverse possession is soon to be reformed by the Land Registration Act 2002. This act will only apply to registered estates, and is intended to reduce the scope of adverse possession claims so as to introduce certainty to the law. The idea behind the new scheme is to put the onus of taking the initiative on the squatter, and to give the registered owner notice and opportunity to terminate the adverse possession. This will put a stop to unaware landowners losing out through mere lapse of time. Basically, the position24 will be that after ten years of adverse possession a squatter can apply to become the registered proprietor. The registered proprietor and others with interests will be notified and be given two months to object. If there is an objection the application will be rejected unless the squatter can establish his entitlement, for instance proving that he reasonably believed the land belonged to him. If the application is rejected but the squatter remains in adverse possession for a further two years he can then apply once more to be registered. There can be no objections to this application and the squatter will acquire the property. Under these new regulations Jason may have had a better claim to the disputed pieces of land. In both cases he has been in possession of the land for ten years, meaning he could apply to be registered. If he could prove that it was reasonable for him to have believed the land was his he would have acquired the title to it. If this could not be proved Jason could still gain the land through the inactivity of the true landowners.

Thou lily-liverd boy!

Thou lily-liverd boy! Thou lily-liverd boy! Thou lily-liverd boy! By Maeve Maddox Maya Gharpure wants to know What does the term lilylivered mean? A lily-livered person is a coward, easily frightened. The term lily-livered is one of many vivid expressions we get from Shakespeare. It may not have originated with him, but his use of the term in the much-performed Macbeth ensured it a place in the language. In Act Five a frightened page rushes onstage to tell Macbeth that 10,000 soldiers are taking up their positions outside his castle. The boy is so terrified that the blood has drained from his face. Realizing that his fate is about to catch up with him, Macbeth attempts to conceal his own terror by lashing out at the boy with a volley of insults directed at the lack of color in his face: Go prick thy face, and over-red thy fear,†¨ Thou lily-liverd boy. What soldiers, patch? Death of thy soul! those linen cheeks of thine†¨ Are counsellors to fear. What soldiers, whey-face? Go prick thy face: go cut your face so as to draw some blood to give it color. Thou lily-liver’d boy: think Easter lily, pure white. Before its functions were understood, the liver was thought to produce blood. A healthy liver would be red, not white. In the theory of â€Å"humors,† the liver governed anger and courage. By shouting angrily at the boy, Macbeth is trying to prove that his own liver is red. those linen cheeks of thine: Macbeth is thinking of white linen. whey-face: whey is the watery part of milk that accumulates during the making of cheese. The boy’s face is not merely white; it’s a sickly white. The word patch may also be intended to convey something white as one meaning of patch is â€Å"a piece of sticking plaster used to cover and protect a wound or scar.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouHomogeneous vs. HeterogeneousList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Shoud Smoking in Public Areas be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shoud Smoking in Public Areas be Banned - Essay Example Public health is serious social concern that cannot be left to the discretion of those who are endangering personal health relentlessly. Smoking is a personal choice and despite its known negative effects on human health there is no restrictive legislation to ensure this personal freedom of choice. However, equally important are the liberties to of a non-smoker who does not want to put his health at risk. Everyone has a right to make choices that he likes baring those choices that can affect the same right of others. Smoking in public areas is a sort of abusing non-smokers’ right to safeguard their health and this is something that should not be permissible legally and morally. Smoking in open public areas is often defended by the argument that in first place it does not harm others because of open and fresh air, secondly they are free to move away from smoking site. It is rather a ridiculous argument to support smoking. Smokers cannot be allowed to pollute air at a public pla ce only because there is a lot of fresh air and people can move around. Smoking in open and enclosed public area should not be treated separately because open public areas are mostly used to get fresh air and soothing environment. However, we can introduce separation areas for smoker at public places to ensure they have equal right to enjoy themselves. â€Å"Recent research conducted by the Office of the National Statistics (ONS) found that 63% of respondents considered that there should be smoking and non-smoking areas in pubs and bars† (Health Committee, 2006) It should be clear that the ban we are talking about is not absolute in nature and we have to have exceptions in this ban. Public areas are either open or enclosed and the ban should introduce exceptions in both cases separately. Most of the countries have implemented a strict ban in enclosed public area whereas a lenient approach is adopted for open public areas. Various states have their own perception in this regar d and have implemented the ban with varying depth and exceptions. Molyneaux (2006) has pointed out this approach, â€Å"Smoking is banned in all or most enclosed public places in South Africa, New Zealand, Italy and the Republic of Ireland. There are similar bans in the American states of California and New York. Smoking in enclosed public places was recently banned in Scotland. It will become illegal in the rest of the UK in 2007. In England and Wales, pubs that do not serve food can continue to choose to allow smoking.† Though smoking is equally dangerous and hazardous for all nations but the realization at public and state level is not same. International organizations like WHO are working extensively on issues pertaining to public health and can play an important role in educating masses on the issue. The argument that secondhand smoke does not have clear links to the diseases attributed to smokers is not a valid argument because World health Organization has rejected thi s argument. Chen (2007) has pointed out this clearly, "The evidence is clear there is no safe level of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke." This underlines the importance of the issue and we need persuade and convince public and authorities that the legislation to ban smoking in public areas is an imperative requirement to ensure public health and safety at large. We need to focus our attentions in this area of public health because lack of awareness in this area is alarming as WHO (2009) pointed out

Participating in team sports helps to develop good character in Essay

Participating in team sports helps to develop good character in chidren - Essay Example Though the results from these studies are somehow conflicted, there is a solid argument that sports are influential in developing good character in children. Is character intrinsic in human beings? To comprehend this, one must understand the definition of character. The term â€Å"character† is employed to refer to an encompassment of qualities that make an individual distinguishable. These qualities are usually complex, which psychological and ethical influences shape an individual character. These definitions make it evident that character is not intrinsic. This is because of its psychological and ethical inclinations. These two factors are external and are influenced by an individual’s interaction with life. Good character may be defined as conducting oneself in a manner that is socially accepted. Therefore, for a child to have good character, it is imperative that they interact with the society in order to know what is accepted to be good and vice versa. Therefore, interactions such as sports may have a significant influence on character development in children that are positively viewed in the community. Children participation in team sports clearly has a consequence in the development of character in children. This is because sports make available an opportunity for children to learn qualities that entail good character. Some of these qualities include commitment, discipline, and teamwork among other qualities that are regarded as good character. Children, through sports, also understand better human relationships and how best to relate in society. The characters that are learned through sports influence the child’s life decisions in his or her lifetime (Dunlap, 2004). Character development in children is evident in sports through the development of principles. Principles depicted to be of good character include honesty, compassion, integrity, self-control, courage, hard work, etc.. These principles are learned in sports

Practical Guide to Environmental Management Essay

Practical Guide to Environmental Management - Essay Example The concept of environmental corporate responsibility is one that is first defined in this book as one that has to be set within the internal and external environment. The author notes that sustainable development with environmental responsibility will not be effective unless policies and internal settings take place. The focus is to change the performance within a company specifically by developing policies and implementing regulations with the environmental practices in the work area. The policies include changing the use of environmental resources as well as monitoring and managing the different environmental needs. The author also states that the policies and implementation within the workforce should directly impact the stakeholders and the external environment, specifically by allowing the corporate responsibility to be seen by stakeholders who can then support the trends and direct action taken (Friedman, 80). The author doesn’t only focus on environmental issues such as saving in resources. It is also noted that corporate responsibility should incorporate changes in the process of creating products, examining the management of a certain area and enhancing the system used for better safety and environment. The environmental issues then become directly linked to the corporate culture and the ability to enhance what is being done within a corporation. The responsibility of management is to implement the policies for environmental changes and to be credible for both environmental damage and enhancement that is within the corporate culture. The suggestions that the author makes are to create policies and to implement these at various levels.  

Bachs Musical Style

Bachs Musical Style For many music lovers, Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 1750) is the greatest composer in the history of human civilization. People all over the world play his music and study his art. The value of his music can be expressed by Wagners famous phrase quoted in the Oxford Dictionary of Music: It is the most stupendous miracle in all music. Style is the soul of every composer. Similarly, a good grasp of the playing style of a piece of music is an important criterion to judge the success of a performance. To grasp the works style correctly requires accumulated practice and the serious study of every note and every phrase and an equally important understanding of work as a whole. The published works of Bachs are many and include most of the mature music forms of his era including orchestral and chamber music and large works for orchestra and voice. However, Bach did not write opera and this is an important point to make when studying his ‘style. He did not write opera because his employment in the ducal courts and education establishments occupied his creative time, and because he had an important role in the Luthern Church, a strict Protestant church which discouraged extravagance. The word ‘opera, even by Bachs time, had hints of ‘extravagance, mostly because of the social circus of the public who attended opera. The public was there to indulgence themselves, to dress up and to be seen. Of course, dressing up and being seen has always been a part of church going, and Bachs music always had entertainment purposes, but the main function of his music is to praise God and promote His teachings. Whether this purposes is conscious or not, Bach n aturally adopted a German Protestant Christian outlook, in his work, one which rejects all unhealthy factors, or the non-equilibrium factors which bring about unexpected enthusiasm. Bachs music is characterized by rational thinking and solemn emotion. His music is ‘behaved i.e. it is very structured and balanced. Bachs works for voice and orchestra are characterized by having strictly Christian themes. They include more than three hundred sacred cantatas and the world-famous large-scale oratorios of the St Matthews Passion and the St. Johns Passion. They were not written for the opera house but for the cathedral. Bach did write secular cantata, such as The Coffee Cantata (BWV 211), â€Å"Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht† (Be still, stop chattering), but even this lightly satirical work has a Christian instructional themes. A warning against the addiction of coffee its main theme is Honor Thy Father, one of the Ten Commandments of Moses. The narrator ‘Schlendrian sings in horror that his daughter doesnt listen to him, though he has told her one thousand times to stop drinking coffee. Together with the Protestant Ethic, three interesting hallmarks of Bachs music style are Imitation, Contrast and Improvisation. Improvisation is the opposite of Imitation. The stepping-stone from Imitation to Improvisation is Contrast. To get there we must start at the beginning. To get to the beginning we will look at Bachs work for keyboard. At the forefront of Bachs works is his music for keyboard. Much of his adult career was spent at the keyboard, in particular the crucial beginnings as the court organist and concertmaster at the ducal court in Weimar (1708- 1717) and the glorious finale in Leipzig (1723-50). Throughout his creative life he composed a large amount of keyboard music, such as â€Å"Toccata and Fugue in D minor†; â€Å"Das wohltemperierte Clavier† (The well-tempered keyboard, Prelude and Fugue; and the Goldberg Variations. Therefore to really to begin to understand Bachs musical style we need to look closely at his writing for keyboard. Here we find the beginnings of his style and also the full flowering of his genius. Although Bach originally wrote for the keyboards of the pianoforte and the cathedral organ much of Bachs music has been transcribed for the piano, and it is through the transpositions for piano that pupils in China begin their studies of Bachs style and music. Their starting point is not, of course, the mature masterpieces such as the Goldberg Variations but the beautifully direct and eloquently simple pieces he wrote for his own pupils. â€Å"Inventions and Sinfonias†, BWV 772-801, also known as the â€Å"Two and Three Part Inventions†, are a collection of thirty short keyboard pieces consisting of fifteen two-part contrapuntal pieces called ‘inventio (inventions) and fifteen three-part contrapuntal pieces called ‘ sinfonia. The two groups are both arranged in order of ascending key, each group covering the fifteen major and minor keys. They were written by Bach as technical exercises to develop his pupils ‘two-hand independenceà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ the ability to play independent parts of the music with each of their two hands. The autograph manuscript copy in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin includes Bachs own intentions under the heading ‘auffrichtig, or ‘Straightforward Instruction: â€Å"In which amateurs of the keyboard, and especially the keen ones, are shown a clear way not only (1) of learning to play cleanly in two voices, but also, after further progress, (2) of dealing correctly and satisfactorily with three obbligato parts; at the same time not only getting good inventions, but developing the same satisfactorily, and above all arriving at a cantabile [song-like] manner in playing, all the while acquiring a strong foretaste of composition.† The manuscript is dated â€Å"Anno Christi 1723† and signed â€Å"Joh. Seb. Bach: Capellmeister to his Serene Highness the Prince of Anhalt-CÃÆ' ¶then.† The important point to make here about Bachs style is that the starting point of the learning process and the creative process is ‘Imitation. This is very clearly the case when we look at the exercises themselves. The music, and the understanding of the music, evolves out of repetition and minor variations of the form. This ‘imitation is a part of the Protestant Aesthetic. It is the Protestant approach of ‘Say as we say and do as we do. But we note too that the function of Bachs ‘imitation is not ‘blind imitation it is deliberately intended to lead the player to ‘independence. Only when the pupil has mastered ‘imitation can he possibly proceed to the next level of musical understanding, which is ‘Contrast. In Bachs music contrast is shown in the whole and in the details. A good representative example is the 15 18 subsection of the first â€Å"two-part invention†, the contrast of strong and weak being a perfect match. Lively counterpoint voices are formed in contrast to fill the music with energy. The main theme is in coherent semiquaver notes; the counterpoint voice part is lively quaver notes. Different motive materials have different contrast,even in the same theme. such as 1 2 subsection in the eighth. This theme includes two motives, motive A is quaver note is a string of eight sub-note, whose staccatos are moving upward; motive B is a string of semiquaver note, whose staccatos are moving down. A motive is more active, B motives is more rounded, they have a sharp contrast. Evolving out of ‘contrast is ‘Polyphony, a texture containing two or more independent melodic voices. Polyphony has been described as Bachs crowning achievement (Bach Inventions, Chen Ming-chi series, World Publishing Company). Unlike melody, the polyphony of voices all maintain their independence. When more voices are added, and interwoven into the texture, in the same free and independent manner, the wealth of musical expression increases still further. Therefore, polyphony is a three-dimensional approach. It has a multi-faceted, multi-line, the multiplicity of complex thinking (quoted from the foreword in Piano Recital way, Zhao Xiaosheng, Hunan Education Press, 1981). Through polyphony Bach teaches us that harmony is not simply the accompaniment of a simple melody but a means to increase the wealth of our musical language. This union of melodies gives rise to new combinations of tones and consequently an increase in the variety of musical expressions. To the armoury of musical expression and ornamentations, such as trill, mordent, turn, appoggiatura, acciaccatura, improvisational ornamentality within a fixed space is an essential skill for every musician. Bach includes Improvisation as a part of Ornamentation. Improvisation is the opposite of ‘Imitation. After Beethoven, the detail of music scores became more and more specific and standard, and the space for musicians to play improvisational music is getting smaller and smaller. However, in Bachs works, this skill is indispensable. Bach did not often indicate the patterns of performing. An exception is the Clavier-BÃÆ' ¼chlein vor Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, written by Johann Sebastian Bach for the keyboard instruction of his eldest son, which gives Explanation of various signs, showing how to play certain ornaments correctly† but this is a rare exception. In Bachs time, the execution of ornaments often varied from country to country and from composer to composer. We l earn from the repeatedly revised manuscripts of the Inventions and Sinfonias that improvised ornamentation was encouraged, with the student expected to extend the logic through the entire piece. Thus, we come full circle. â€Å"The most stupendous miracle† of Bachs musical style, is that it teaches us that Imitation and Logic are the true pathways to Independence and Freedom.

Voices from Vietnam :: essays research papers

This reader’s rating for this book is average. It is a very well written book but it may not appeal to some people. If the reader was familiar with the war then this would be a wonderful book to read. This reader thought it was interesting but not as enthralling as it should be. The book was mainly made out of quotes or dialogue from the men in the war. This was a very different way of writing but it was interesting. Many of the veterans had interesting stories to tell and how it felt like to be in the war. Overall it was a book to consider if you’re into war stories. The things this reader likes about this book is that it was interesting in the fact that it had real stories from real veterans in the war. Some of the stories were explained in gruesome detail in which this reader thought was very disturbing. It is disgusting to know what happened to some of the Vietnamese and veterans during that war. What this reader also liked was how they explained the war while showing the opinions of some of the veterans. The least thing this reader liked about this book was that it didn’t keep you on the edge. Even though this was a war story it didn’t captivate me as much as I would have wanted it to. It became boring at parts when they explained how the war started and how the Chinese were trying to take control of Vietnam. What the author should have done was explain the war with minimum detail and have many comments from the people who were actually involved in it. In this reader’s opinion this book should be good for older people. Older people would understand the meaning of the war better and how it started. Also older people would probably find it interesting and actually want to read into it. Since older people have most likely lived during the Vietnam War they would appreciate this book much more than a teenager would. Voices from Vietnam is not even close to simple. With the exception of the dialogue the words used in the book were a little advanced for a teenager. This reader didn’t enjoy much of the book because of this reason. The book is also quite long since it explains the war and contains comments from the veterans.

Entangled Pakistan and War on Terror Essay

At eight forty-six Flight eleven crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Centre (Board). Sixteen minutes later Flight number, one seventy-five, impacted the South Tower (Board, George Washington University). American Airlines Flight seventy-seven dropped on the Pentagon at nine thirty-seven (Board, George Washington University ). On eleventh September 2001 two thousand nine hundred and seventy seven people died (Glazier). It marked the worst terrorist attack in the American history. The United States economy froze while the world still stood in shock. In those dramatic moments on twelfth September 2001, President George W Bush addressed the nation and declared America’s War on Terrorism (US declares War on Terror). What followed was a global campaign by American and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) troops against Taliban, who controlled Afghanistan and Al-Qaeda, the master mind behind the nine-elven plot. The military campaign was named â€Å"Operation Enduring Freedom†. The leader of Al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden was the key target of the United States. When the Afghan government refused to hand over, USA decided to invade Afghanistan (Channel). On twenty-second September 2006, President Parvez Musharraf confided that United States threatened Pakistan. In an interview, Musharraf said â€Å"The intelligence director told me that Mr Armitage said, ‘Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the Stone Age’,† (Beale). But before US could go on with its claims, Pakistan had accepted to cooperate and provide a channel into Afghanistan. However, ten years into the war Pakistanis have started to raise serious questions as to whether the war is Pakistan’s or not. In this regard President Musharraf is often blamed for dragging Pakistan into a war which was not Pakistan’s. The debate on this issue has been a controversial one. Opposition leader Imran Khan said â€Å"A friend should tell the other friend what is good for them. A military solution is a disaster for the U. S. , it’s a disaster for the people of Pakistan. † (Solomon). At many instances it has been suggested by opposition leaders that Pakistan should withdraw from the war. Although Pakistan has benefited by the uplift of sanctions imposed in 1998 and improved foreign relations through its critical role in the war, illustrated by Western assistance during natural disasters, the war on terror has been a disadvantageous feat in terms of receiving highly misallocated foreign aid, fighting terrorism which it structured in the first place, and healing a scarred reputation of being a pro-fundamentalist country. Moreover, Pakistan’s ill-equipped economy is not suited to sustain a pro-longed war, especially a one which has extended to its own territories. USAID (United States aid for International development) is the most commonly presented counter argument when Pakistan’s self-interest in the war is put forth. However, it is to be noted here that survival of Pakistan does not solely depend on USAID, let alone boost economy. Between 2002 and 2008 Pakistan received a total of twenty three and a half billion dollars in USAID (Ibrahim). This aid was intended to stabilize Pakistan and render its capability strong enough to counter terrorism. Although the amount â€Å"appears† large enough to change any country, it has largely been futile for Pakistan. If the real purpose of USAID was to enhance cooperation between Pakistan and USA and boost Pakistan’s economy, as it is mostly portrayed, then it should have been more wisely allocated. For instance, a mere ten percent is spent on development projects such as poverty, education and healthcare (Ibrahim). With such meager resources, these programs cannot be extensively carried out to achieve the desirable results. Meanwhile, a stunning seventy five percent of aid was allocated for military purposes (Ibrahim). These included purchasing of advanced weaponry and obtaining counter-terrorism training from the United States. Analytically, three-fourth of spending would do little to prop Pakistan whatsoever. It is astonishing that so much of the aid is being misused for purposes which would not serve Pakistan at best. To lay down the effects, the usefulness of the aid should be considered. A strong military would do little or perhaps negligibly small to make Pakistan a prosperous state. Assume, if three-fourth of aid was spent on development projects instead. In a decade, Pakistan would have been much better off than its current standing. The extremism and terrorism could be better countered by education and improved standard of living than by weapons. Looking from one perspective USAID is the price United States paid to purchase the loyalty of Pakistan. Nevertheless, America took back what it gave. An upsetting aspect about USAID is the phenomenon that it returns back to the donor country. In this regard Dr. Murtaza Haider, associate dean at Ryerson University, says â€Å"The nature of development aid business is such that large sums of donated money in fact return to the donor country in the form of contractual payments to consultants and manufacturers. I recall listening to the former World Bank president James Wolfensohn in 2004 at the 16th Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics in Washington DC where he offered his candid views about how development aid was misspent by donors. In 2003-04 development aid was estimated at $58 million of which $14 million were pocketed by the consultants alone. † (Haider) This fact emphasizes the uselessness of foreign aid to Pakistan. Already being spent so meagerly, a significant proportion of it returns back to USA, which is bound to have a little impact on the country’s wellbeing. So in fact America eventually takes back what it donated while Pakistan still owes favors to the US. The problem here is that the aid comes with a price. By accepting aid package from the United States, Pakistan has become a participant in the war on terror. In return, Pakistan must return favors to satisfy its allies. For instance take the controversial Kerry-Lugar bill of 2009. It promised Pakistan an aid package of one and a half billion dollars annually for five years. Despite the big digits the bill was a controversy. Instead of promoting good image of United States, it declined it further. The conditions applying to the aid package were unacceptable for many Pakistanis. Mustafa Qadir, a researcher for Amnesty International writes â€Å"Controversially, aid may be dependent on US access to Pakistani nationals associated with nuclear proliferation, such as Abdul Qadir Khan. Pakistan must also demonstrate that it is assisting the US in dismantling illicit nuclear supply networks. Pakistan must show a ‘sustained commitment to †¦ combating terrorist groups’ too. Specific reference is made to Pakistan ceasing to support militancy in Afghanistan and India. There is even a reference to the Afghan Taliban shura in Quetta and the Lashkar-e-Taiba headquarters in Muridke† (Qadri). As it appears Pakistan’s sovereignty and integrity is often reduced by US actions. Despite being an ally on war on terror, USA has been suspicious of Pakistan’s nuclear program and objective of its leadership. Conditions accompanying USAID often give the United States the right to interfere in Pakistan’s internal affairs. These conditions have further extended to include military operations by American army in Pakistan’s territory. May it be a covert operation to kill Osama bin Laden or drone strikes, USA takes the liberty to trespass and eliminate multiple targets inside Pakistan. â€Å"The US has launched drone strikes in Pakistan over 330 times with up to 3,247 casualties – including up to 852 civilians† (Rogers). The drone attacks have been terrifically condemned by Pakistanis but despite that United States blatantly continues with its strategy. Though a justification for US drone strikes could have been sought if only suspected terrorists were killed but the collateral damage and deaths of non-combatants is simply disappointing. For Pakistan the most upsetting consequence of war on terror has been the terrorists themselves. For a thorough understanding of fundamental groups, history of their past relations with Pakistan needs to be seen. After Soviet Union’s withdrawal from Afghanistan, a power struggle ensued between different groups of Afghanis. The old Mujahideen army was left with no purpose. The Afghan war was over now. From 1994 a civil war initiated in Afghanistan and eventually the Taliban succeeded in establishing their rule in Afghanistan. Till 2001, the Afghan government remained neutral to Pakistan. This was because of the fact that before 9/11 attacks Pakistan supported the Taliban. Pakistan was involved in assisting terrorist groups, Taliban and Al-Qaeda, in the civil war to form a government in Afghanistan in 1990’s (History Channel). However, after 9/11 there came shift in Pakistan’s policy. Pakistan forged an alliance with the US to help channel the Nato and American troops into Afghanistan. The previously pro-Pakistani terrorist groups turned rogue. Pakistan was instructed by the US to eliminate Al-Qaeda elements and training camps across the border. This later translated into the Waziristan operation by the Pakistani forces in the North-Western territories of Pakistan. It was predictable that the old partners would initiate a terror reign across Pakistan. â€Å"The country’s annual death toll from terrorist attacks rose from 164 in 2003 to 3,318 in 2009, a level exceeding the number of Americans killed on September 11. Some 35,000 Pakistanis, including 3,500 members of security forces, have died in terror and counterterror violence. Millions more have been displaced by fighting. † (Hamid) The benefit of Pakistan seems little from the figures. The war initiated by the United States has cost Pakistan a lot both economically and socially. The extremist groups which had previously aligned themselves with Pakistan turned against it in their attempt to oppose USA. As per the Ministry of Finance â€Å"During the last 10 years the direct and indirect cost of war on terror incurred by Pakistan amounted to $ 67. 93 billion or Rs. 5037 billion. † (Ministry of Finance) This amount outweighs the economic assistance Pakistan has received during the past decade which roughly amounts to only one-third of it. Furthermore, the true impact of terrorism cannot be expressed in monetary terms. For instance, economists cannot place value on the loss of human life, loss of Pakistan’s image to the world etc. Another unanticipated consequence of the war on terror for Pakistan has been its credibility. During the war the western countries have expressed doubts about Pakistan’s loyalty. Pakistan has been accused of playing a â€Å"double-game†, whereby Pakistan pretends to assist United States but secretly support terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda and Taliban. Although no evidence exists regarding Pakistan’s double game but United States and NATO have frequently complained of Pakistan’s secret policy. For example death of Osama bin Laden placed a serious crisis over Pakistan. The international repute and credibility of Pakistan vanished into thin air. President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai hinted that Osama bin Laden had â€Å"hidden himself in the military bases of Abbottabad. † (Boone and Black) While John Brenan, the homeland security advisor to the White House said â€Å"People are raising a number of questions and understandably so†¦ I’m sure a number of people have questions about whether there was some kind of support provided by the Pakistani government. † (Office of the Press Secretary, White House) What both meant to say was that Pakistan was providing a sanctuary to the Al-Qaeda leader. Thus the event itself was a humiliation for the country. The time of 9/11 can only be commended upon since it coincided at a time when Pakistan desperately required foreign help to drag itself out from the economic turmoil it faced. It will be unfair to say that war on terror has been a complete disaster for Pakistan. Before September eleven attacks Pakistan was under intense pressure from the international community. In May 1998 after Pakistan’s first nuclear test, it came under economic sanctions from the world major power ¬s. Aid to Pakistan ceased and foreign trade was cut off. The US and other shareholder’s formed a coalition to stop International Monetary Fund (IMF) funding to Pakistan. The economy which was already running on debt from the IMF plummeted down even deeper. By November 1998 the foreign reserves of Pakistan fell to four hundred and fifty eight million dollars which is a considerably dangerous figure for any economy. Before the tests the Finance Ministry predicted the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to grow by six percent for 1998 to 1999 financial year. (Morrow and Carriere) However after the nuclear tests the Economist Intelligence Unit predicted that the Gross Domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 1998 to 1999 was one point six percent. (Morrow and Carriere) In short the Pakistani economy was certain to default. Apart from Chaghi nuclear test, Pakistan’s brief venture into the Kargil war and military coup by President Musharraf had left the country in diplomatic isolation. Pakistan was under an estimated foreign debt of forty billion dollars (Mahapatra). But the war on terror altered the whole scenario. Twelve days after the 9/11 attacks all sanctions were lifted by Preside George W Bush after Pakistan complied to ally with the United States. (BBC News) Pakistan was again recognized as an ally by the Western nations and the started pouring in. Thus the war on terror prevented an economic crisis which was bound to engulf Pakistan. War on terror was the stimulus for improving diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the European nations. Since Pakistan had been an important ally of US and NATO, relations turned good with the European community. Pakistan received aid and technical assistance from the Europe and America during the 2005 earthquake. Pakistan received an estimated total aid of six point seven billion dollars from the International community (Fox News). During the Flood of 2010, Pakistan received one and a half billion dollars in aid for relief efforts (Guardian). This filled the trust deficit that had existed between Pakistan and the West for so long a period. However, the credit again belongs to the so called war on terror which has had been the architect of good foreign relations for Pakistan. It is true that Pakistan’s participation in war on terror was a need at one time but adopting a permanent policy would not be a sane thought. Given its capability both economically and militarily it is not feasible for a developing country like Pakistan to afford a war which would last for a decade, especially when its opponent has mastered in guerilla warfare. War on terror is a bleeding wound that Pakistan needs to heal. It is evident that even after United States withdrawal the war may continue in the region. The dire outcome might be same as the consequences of Soviet Union’s Afghan war. A. Rauf Khan Khattak quotes J. Michael McConnell, the Director of National Intelligence who narrates remarks of a Pakistani general â€Å"In the long run Americans will not have the burden of staying in Afghanistan and when America pull out then India will reign. Therefore the Pakistanis will have to sustain contracts with the opposition to Afghan government meaning the Taliban, â€Å"So when America pulls out, it is a friendly government to Pakistan†. (Khattak 10) After US’s withdrawal Pakistan’s dilemma would be to contain the insurgency in its territories which will be an insurmountable task to cope with. â€Å"Seemingly† war on terror appears beneficial for Pakistan. In fact the case is otherwise. Inflow of huge cash into Pakistan’s will improve the country’s balance of payments and foreign currency reserves for a time-being but in the long run, Pakistan is at loss. The cost paid by Pakistan outweighs the benefits received by a large scale. The true loss can only be estimated. Economically war on terror has been no less than a disaster for Pakistan. Its usefulness lays only in the fact that Pakistan was temporarily stabilized by pro-Western policies, however, mid-war security conditions in the country and costs incurred are too diabolic to accept. The immediate solution would be that Pakistan withdraws from the war and make peace with its neighbor.